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定语从句

定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导

定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

一、 定语从句重点备考

考点1：关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的运用以及that和which的区别使用。 考点2：定语从句与强调句和同位语从句的区别。

考点3：“介词＋关系代词”与关系词whose和which作定语的区别。如：whose book

＝the book of whom等；关系副词when，where，why和“介词＋which”之间的关系。

考点4：关系副词、关系代词的区别运用。近几年来，关系词where引导的不表示具

体真实地点的定语从句是常考的热点，要着重复习。

二、 一眼看穿定语从句

（1） 定语从句中缺一成分，缺的这个成分就是先行词。

（2） 在所有的从句中，只有定语从句中缺成分。如果从句中却成分，那一定是定

语从句。

（3） 定语从句和主句之间没有连词，但是有关系词，相当于连词，起连词的作用。

也就是说，在两个句子之间存在连词的话，就一定不是定语从句。

I. 关系词（瞻前顾后） 关系词 Who 先行词 人 从句成分 主语 例句 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working whom, whichThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war. 和that在从I like those books whose topics are about 句中做宾语history. 时，常可以省The boy whose father works abroad is my 略，但介词提desk mate. 前时后面关A plane is a machine that can fly. 系代词不能She is the pop star (that) I want to see very 省略，也不可much. 以用that The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. He is such a person as is respected by all as做宾语一of us. 般不省略 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 备注 Whom 人 宾语 Whose 关系代词 人，物 定语 That 人，物 主语，宾语 Which 物 主语，宾语 as 主语，人，物 宾语 关系副词

when where why 时间 地点 原因 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 I will never forget the day when we met 可用there. which This is the house where I was born. on 可用in which for I can’t imagine the reason why he turned 可用down my offer. which II. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 类别 限制性定语从句 语法意义及特征 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 例句 The accident happened at the time when I left. 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分非限制性密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，His mother, whom he loved 定语从句 相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代deeply, died ten years ago. 词做宾语时也不能省略。

III. that与which, who, whom的用法区别： 情况 用法说明 1． 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 2． 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3． 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4． 先行词既指人又指物时 5． 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6． 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 例句 1. He told me everything that he knows. 2. All the books that you offered has been given out. 3. This is the best film that I have ever read. 4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5. He is the only man that I want to see. 6. Who is the man that is making a speech? He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 只用that的情况 只用which, who, whom的情况 1． 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2． 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3． 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。

做题独家秘笈：不用专门去背什么时候只能用that不能用which，什么时候又只能用which不能用that。

做题时确定是that和which二选一之时，

只要空格前没有“逗号”和“介词”那就选填that。

IV. As与which的区别： 定语从句 限制性定语从句中 区别 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 例句 He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. 非限制性定语从句中

练习

一、过关斩将

1. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life.

A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who

2. I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.

A. when, which B. which, when C. what, that D. on which, when 3. Is this the house Jim was born?

A. at where B. which C. in which D. at that 4. Is this house Jim bought last year?

A. that B. where C. the one D. which that 5. The house roof was damaged has now been repaired.

A. that B. of which C. whose D. who’s

二、前世今生

1. I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School on. I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School. 2. Princeton High School is the school I am studying in. Princeton High School is the school I am studying. 3. Could you tell me the reason you are late for? Could you tell me the reason you are late?

三、藕断丝连

1. This is the very knife which I used to cut apples. 2. The speed which you drive your car mustn’t too high.

3. He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar. 4. She gave us a lovely lesson which all the students are very interested. 5. What were the things which he was not too sure?

四、似是而非