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动词

语法考点剖析

考点一 常见易混动词辨析

1．spend/pay/cost/take表示“花费”

spend pay cost 主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。spend... on...; spend... (in) doing sth. 主语是人，指花费金钱。pay... for...＝spend... on 主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。sth. cost(s) (sb.)．.. 多用it作形式主语，指花费时间。It takes sb. ... to do sth.＝Sb. spend(s)．.. (in) doing sth. take Mom never spends any money on herself.妈妈从都不在自己身上花钱。 May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗？我下周还你。

It won't cost you a penny for the first six months.开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。 It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。 2．look/watch/see/read 表示“看”

look watch see read 看(动作)；可单独成句；look at... 看(电视、比赛)；注视 看见(结果)；看望；理解(I see.) 看(书、报)；读；读懂别人的内心 ★look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系动词，后接形容词。 ★看病(看医生)用see a doctor表示。 3．speak/say/talk/tell表示“说”

speak say talk tell 发言；说(某种语言) 说(内容)；写有 谈论；talk about sth.; talk to/with sb. 告诉；讲述；tell sb. (not) to do sth. 4.感官系动词look/taste/sound/feel/smell look taste sound feel 看起(视觉) 尝起(味觉) 听起(听觉) 摸起(触觉) 1

smell 5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借” borrow lend keep 6.hope/wish/expect hope wish expect 7.forget/leave forget leave 8.hear/listen/sound

hear listen sound 9.wear/put on/dress/be in wear put on dress be in “穿着；戴着”，强调状态，wear后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等 “穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“take off” “穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”；dress onself“打扮；给自己穿衣服” 表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词 听见；hear＋名词(强调听的结果) 听；listen to＋名词(强调听的过程) 听起； sound＋形容词(强调听的效果) 表示“忘记”时，forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用 在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用 希望；hope to to sth.; hope＋that 从句 但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wish＋that 从句 期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth. 借用；borrow sth. from sb. 借给；lend sth. to sb. 借用若干时间；keep... for 2 days 闻起(嗅觉) 10.reach/get/arrive reach get arrive

1．(2018·广东揭阳普宁模拟)I don't know the restaurant, but it's to be quite a good one. A．said C．spoken

B．told

“到达”，是及物动词(比get更正式)，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词) “到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 to “到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方) D．talked

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2．(2018·广西贵港港南二模)—How much money did he you yesterday? —500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks. A．give C．lend

B．borrow D．make

3．(2018·湖北十堰模拟)Mom, this kind of fruit nice. I'd like to taste one. A．sounds C．looks

B．smells D．feels

4．(2018·山东东营广饶模拟)I really enjoy the fresh fish soup in Lanhai International Hotel. It delicious. A．feels C．smells

B．sounds D．tastes

5．(2018·甘肃定西中考改编)—I can't find my English textbook. —Is it possible that you it at home? A．lost C．left

B．saw D．forgot

考点二 动词短语辨析

常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。 1．同一动词的不同搭配 (1)look短语

look after照料；照顾 look at看

look for寻找；寻求 look forward to盼望；期待 look out注意；当心；向外看 look through快速查看；浏览

look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看 look up to钦佩；仰慕 (2)cut短语

cut down砍倒 cut off切除 cut out删除；删去 cut up切碎 (3)run短语

run after追逐；追赶 run away跑开 run out (of)用尽；耗尽 (4)turn短语

turn down调低 turn up调高 turn...into变成

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