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主谓一致

动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词在句中充当谓语时，它的形式要受主语的限制，要和它在人称和数上一致，因此常称为动词的限定形式，这种形式主要表现在： 1 ．人称上与主语一致 2 ．与主语在数上一致

3 ．时态变化( 表示动作发生时间) 4 ．语态( 表示主语是做动作的人或物)

5 . 语气( 表示说话人认为这句话是事实，是要求做的事还是假想的事)

句子的主语有单复数及人称的变化，其谓语动词需要根据主语的人称和数的不同而有所变化。即：谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主语的人称，特别是主语的数是决定谓语形式的关键。除第一人称I和第二人称you之外，单数主语之后的谓语动词用单数形式；复数主语之后的谓语动词用复数形式。主语和谓语动词的一致要遵循下面三个原则：

（一）语法上的一致

所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。

1、当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构，指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。

My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。

Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。

注意：

1) 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 如：The writer and artist has come.

2) 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有every...and (every)．..，each...and (each)．.., no...and (no)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：Every student and every teacher was in the room..

No boy and no girl likes it.

Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。

No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。

3）One or two+复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。 A+单数名词+or two，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：One or two reasons were suggested. 提出了一两条理由。 A day or two is enough. 一两天就够了。

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2、如果主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如 with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，and not，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。

The parents, and not the son, were missing.失踪者不是儿子，而是他的双亲。

The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。 E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。

All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。

［高考真题］

1. Dr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer. (2009陕西) A. is going to

B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to

2. The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (2006辽宁)

A. is going

B. go

C. goes

D. are going

3. Professor Smith，along with his assistants， on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (2005上海)

A. work

3、如果非谓语动词 (动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。

Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。 To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。

When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。

注意：当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。

What we need here is money．我们这里需要的是资金。 What we need here are workers．我们这里需要的是工人。 Lying and stealing are immoral．说谎与偷窃是不道德的。

4、each和some/any/no//every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Each is worse than the one before. 一个比一个差。 Nobody knows the answer, do they ?没有人知道这答案。 Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。

B. working

C. is working D. are working

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注意：表示不定代词在附加的问句中再次出现时用复数形式。 Anybody can enter for the race, can’t they? Everyone in our class goes in for sports, don’t they?

在口语中，特别是对话中，为避免明确指出所指对象的性别。 Everybody was wearing their shorts. I told everyone to run as fast as they can.

something, everything 谓语动词用单数 （包括在反意问句的陈述和疑问部分中）： Everything has gone wrong today, hasn’t it ?

［高考真题］

1. The population of Jiangsu to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. (2009江苏)

A. has grown B. have grown

C. grew

D. are growing

2. The teacher together with the students discussing Reading Skills that newly published in America. (2009四川)

A. are；were B. is；were C. are；was D. is；was

3. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one’s health. (2007江西) A. show；are B. shows；is C. show；is D. shows；are

4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet. (2003上海春季) A. are not decided C. is not being decided

B. have not been decided D. has not been decided

5、“many a、(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 而more+复数名词+than + one作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京。

There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案。

6、“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man. 汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。

He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years．他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。

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