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论点：认为，相信： argue , argument , believe , suppose, think , be convinced that [相信] , hold the belief that … , have a notion that …, view…as , regard….as , see…as, consider….to be, reckon [算作，设想],

论据: for example , for instance , specifically, take… as an example

like , such as … , Imagine …. ,

调查研究：investigation , inquiry [hold an inquiry into a case对一个案子进行调查]

research, study, survey, report , questionnaire[调查问卷]，measurement ,

调查研究结果：

得出结论： conclude that … ，come to a conclusion that …. , draw a conclusion that …

表明，发现： show , suggest , demonstrate , manifest [清楚地显示或表示] display,

find , find out, discover, reveal , prove

indicate, imply,

预测： forecast , foretell, foresee, predict

表示赞同： agree, appreciate , approve, consent to

表示反对： against , disagree, disapprove, dissent , object to , be opposed to

表示事实： belief , fact , reality, truth

表示理论，设想：assumption , theory, hypothesis [假设]

表示目的： to do, aim at, for the sake of , for , serve as, in favor of [有利于],

for the purpose of, intend to do ,

论据中常见专家名称：

expert , specialist , professor , associate professor [副教授]， sociologist [社会学家]，

economist, linguist[语言学家]，consultant [顾问] psychologist [心理学家]，behaviorist [行为

学家]，philosopher[哲学家] , anthropologist [人类学家]，archaeologist [考古学家]， 灵魂词汇3 --逻辑信号词 – 路标词

１，表示因果的

原因：后接句子 --- Because, since , as , for

后接词组 --- because of , thanks to , owing to , due to , as a result of ,

by/in virtue of [由于]

* The movie touched me by virtue of its story.

结果： so(that, accordingly[因此] ; as a result; consequently; for this

(thatreason; hence; therefore 此外：表因果的特色词汇

比如A 是因，B是果：

A account for / be responsible for B

A cause / lead to / result in / bring about / bring on / trigger /give rise to B

2，表示转折的

“但是，然而”：but , however; yet , nevertheless, whereas

“尽管，虽然”：后接句子 --- although , though, even though , while ,# notwithstanding

后接词组 --- despite; in spite of

“相反地”： conversely[相反地] ; on the contrary;

“另一方面”： on the other hand;

３，表示比较的

by comparison ; in contrast (相比之下; in the same way; similarly

4，表示递进的

also; besides; furthermore; in addition; in particular（特别地）more importantly; moreover; What’s more

5，表示概括的

in brief; in conclusion; in short; in a word , in sum; to sum up; on the whole

, to conclude

6．表示并列：

and , or , at the same time, meanwhile , as well as