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XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述

Literature Review Ernest Hemingway is one of the most important writers in American literary history who won Noble Prize at 1956. He is known for the brief and strong prose language. The connotative style is a distinct feature of his novels. He is a revolutionary figure of literary style and language in American literature. His creative works impact many writers in America as well as all over the world. A Farewell to Arms is one of Hemingway's great novels and ranks a prominent place in the history of the novel of America. In the novel, an American young man Frederick Henry volunteeres to be an ambulance driver to go to the north of Italy and takes part in the First World War. During this time he comes across an English nurse, Catherine Barkley. Henry is injured when he is performing a task on the front line. He is sent to the background Milan hospital where is lacking of nurse. Catherine also go to Milan hospital where she meets Frederick again. At this time, Frederick find he is deeply falling in love with Catherine. At Milan Hospital, the lover enjoyed a good time and Catherine is pregnant. When Frederick is recovered, he has to go back to the front line. However, when he is back, he find that the Italian army is full of the emotion of failure and despair. The German army finally destroyed the Italian army’s resistance. Soldiers’ moods are agitated. In front of a bridge, the Italian military police start to arrest the officers who are absence from duty and shoot them. Frederick is among them. However, Frederick takes a chance and jumpes to the river and succeedes in escaping the destiny of being shot. Finally he realizes that his duty of being an soldier has washed away by the water. At this time, Frederick only has one aim that is to find Catherine and run away from war. Frederick go to Milan to find Catherine, only to find she has gone to a small city near the frontier. They have a good time there. However, the pursuing and capture of the Italian military police make them have no choice but to escape to Switzerland. They really had a wonderful time at Switzerland. But finally Catherine was dead of dystocia, leaving Frederick wandering

lonely and pointlessly in the world. Since the publication of A Farewell to Arms, critics from both home and abroad have given many comments on it. Many literature critics have made many researches about it. At present, some popular researches include the following three aspects: the characterization, the themes and the writing style of this novel. The first point that catches the critics’ attention is the characterization. Wang Lei (2008) thought that in Hemingway's works, the most fascinating and deeply moving characters are those code heroes who fight against their tragic fate. With their insistence and energy, they jump into deadly rival fight with the hostile world. They show some common characteristics: strong and determined, brave and with no fear to face death. No matter how dangerous the situation will be they are showing the grace under pressure. Secondly, the writing style of Hemingway’s works is widely imitating by the writers all over the world. Wang Chen (2006) said that the works of Ernest Hemingway emphasize symbolism. The symbol of A Farewell to Arms caused by a kind of subtle and repeated suggestions. More specifically, the descriptions about sky, land and people perfectly show Hemingway’s symbolism. Chen Xiaoju (2007) emphasized that another excellence of this novel that lies in Hemingway's language, style and skills are acclaimed by the public. Hemingway uses a telegraphic language. Every sentence, every word has the expression of multiple meaning. Ma Yunfei (2008) claimed that Hemingway took inhibition narrative technique in describing the character. He rarely traced back to the characters’ life experience, he just wrote something straight in front of him, make the point and focus. Third, many researchers have focused on the themes of this novel. This is the most popular and enduring talked topic about A Farewell to Arms. The first theme is the anti-war theme. A study of Liu Guo (2006) claimed that the author hopes the world will be a peaceful place for human by describing Henry and Catharine’s tragic fate. The author shows the anti-war spirit through the descriptions of the scenery. Jiang Songqiang (2001) claimed that the first paragraph in the beginning of the novel

shows the soldier’s strongly anti-war consciousness. Even though this paragraph is regarded as a background description, it reveals the story’s emotional foundation as well as the characters tragic fate. Bai Lina (2008) claimed that the author shows the anti-war topic through the description of the main characters’ tragic fate. Some descriptions including language and action in this novel clearly show the anti-war spirit. Just like Huang Fang (2003) said, “individuals on the battlefield lives like those ants. They unconsciously run here and there, but at last they will die.” All in all, these literary comments on A Farewell to Arms are very valuable and helpful for my study. From their views, I learn how to appreciate literature. As a mature reader, one can observe some personal strength to face the society from the story. What is more important is that one can analyze the causes and results, finally know more about deep thinking of the works. In my paper, I will analyze the tragic aesthetic in A Farewell to Arms. It begins with an introduction of the author and the story to let the readers familiar with the general background and the plot of the story. And then I will focus on analyzing the characters of the novel in the following aspects: Henry’s attitude changes with the contact with Catherine, Henry’s tragic ending and the reason, Catherine’s image and her tragic ending and the reason. This paper will discuss Hemingway’s writing techniques in three aspects: terse language, iceberg theory and symbolism. By this paper, people will better understand the tragic aesthetic of the novel, the reason why the two characters will end in tragedy, Hemingway’s vision of love and his anti-war view.

本科生毕业论文设计

论《永别了，武器》中的悲剧美学

作者姓名 XXXX 指导教师 XXX 所在学院 XXX学院 专业（系） 英语教育 班级（届） XXXX级英教（X）班

完成日期 XXXX 年 5 月 7 日

On the Tragic Aesthetics in

A Farewell to Arms

By

XXXX Prof. XXX , Tutor

A Thesis Submitted to Department of English

Language and Literature impartial

Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of B.A. in English

At XXUniversity

May 7th, 2013