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摘 要

以加工中心自动换刀装置中的刀库的设计与控制为背景，根据使用的场合和实际运用的要求，设计了相应的40刀的链式刀库，并且对它的控制进行了一定的研究。

论文首先对40刀刀库总体设计方案进行阐述，阐述其各部件的工作原理，然后就刀库的结构设计与控制分节对各个部分进行计算与设计。

刀库的机构设计是研究的重点，传动部分为蜗杆蜗轮的减速装置，控制部分为刀库送刀机构，由PLC控制刀库的正反转。

关键词：加工中心，刀库，蜗杆蜗轮， PLC。

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Abstract

Take the machining center automatically trades in the knife installment the Tool magazine design and the control as a background, according to the use situation and the actual utilization's request, has designed the corresponding forty tool's chain Tool magazine, and has conducted certain research to its control.

The paper first carries on the elaboration to forty Tool magazine overall project design, elaborated that its various parts' principle of work, is divided the chapter on the Tool magazine 's structural design and the control to carry on the computation and the design to each part.

The Tool magazine's organization design is the research key point, the transmission part for the worm bearing adjuster worm gear's decelerating device, the control section delivers the knife organization for the Tool magazine, controls the Tool magazine by PLC the reverse.

Key words: Machining center, Tool magazine , worm bearing adjuster worm gear, PLC.

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目 录

1 绪论 ............................................................ 1 1.1 引言 ......................................................... 1 1.2 加工中心简介 ................................................. 1 1.2.1 加工中心的发展简史 ..................................... 1

1.2.2 加工中心的结构组成 ..................................... 2 1.2.3 加工中心的分类 ......................................... 4 1.2.4 加工中心的主要优点 ..................................... 5 1.2.5 加工中心的发展趋势 ..................................... 6 1.3 刀库 ......................................................... 7

1.3.1 刀库简介 ............................................... 7 1.3.2 刀库的类型 ............................................. 8 1.3.3方案的分析论证及确定 ................................... 12 2 刀库驱动电机的选定 .............................................. 15 2.1 刀套线速度 .................................................. 15 2.2 链轮参数确定 ................................................ 15 2.3 根据负载转矩选电机 .......................................... 16 2.4 传动比分配 .................................................. 18

2.4.1 各轴转速 .............................................. 18 2.4.2 各轴功率 .............................................. 18 2.4.3 各轴转矩 .............................................. 18 3 刀库传动方式 ................................................... 20 3.1 刀库传动方式设计 ............................................ 20 3.1.1 蜗杆蜗轮传动 .......................................... 20 3.1.2 链传动 ................................................ 29 4 轴的设计 ....................................................... 32 4.1 轴材料选定 .................................................. 32 4.2 蜗杆轴设计 .................................................. 32

4.2.1 初步估算轴的最小直径 .................................. 32 4. 2.2 联轴器选定 ........................................... 33 4.2.3 确定轴承类型 .......................................... 33 4.2.4 初步估算蜗杆轴各段尺寸 ................................ 33 4.2.5 蜗杆轴校核 ............................................ 34 4.3 蜗轮轴校核 .................................................. 30

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