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4. Rewrite the sentences, replacing the phrases in bold type with the appropriate expressions in their proper forms.

1) in massive numbers regardless of; In some cases

2) depended on nothing but 3) tell apart ; cast aside

4) it would be the Boxers’ Rebellion all over again

5）at work; wormed his way into 6) the different shades of meaning 7) come into play 8) goes for

9) are well aware of the vast quantities of; ruining; means business

5. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions or adverbs. 1) of 2) but 3) apart

4) into; after; to; all over again 5) but; upon

6) into; of; at

7) apart; of; aside; for

6. Translate the following sentences into English.

1) Health care must be available to all citizens regardless of their differences. We cannot justify the policy that denies the care to the large population living in the country.

2) They claim to have discovered a universal law which applies to all nations.

3) I often made a fool of myself when I was living with my uncle on

his farm. When asked to get rid of the weed in the rice fields, for example, I often failed to tell apart the weed and the rice seedlings.

4) Why go there today? I’d much rather we stay until the snow ceases.

5) Rice requires large quantities of water and many scientists warn us that even if we use our water sparingly, the day will inevitably

come when we will be fighting over limited supplies of water resources.

6) There has been quite a noticeable change in recent years. We no longer lean on export for economic growth. We now tend to put more emphasis on home consumption.

7) Today’s tendency is to give little kids too many tests and exams until they are no good for anything but taking exams.

8) It is pointless to force professors to publish a fixed number of papers annually regardless of their quality. Besides, this is a demand even Einstein would not have been able to meet.

Grammar

1. Study the use of noun clauses introduced by wh- words.

1. Point out the function of each of the

noun clauses.

A noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun. Noun clauses can be used:

a) as (direct) object of verbs, as in 1), 2), 5), 7), 10);

b) after the link verb be as predictive (表语), as in 4), 6), 8), 9)

c) after an adjective such as (a person is)

sure, certain, positive, (it is) amazing/ strange/funny, etc. as in 3) d) as subject, as in:

What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. (para. 2, Unit 8, Book 1)

e) after certain prepositions as object, as in They seldom give advance notice about

which school they are going to inspect. Other wh-words that are used to introduce

a noun clause: who, whom, whose 2. Rewrite each (pair) of the sentences using a noun clause introduced by a wh-

word.

1) what has brought you to Paris 2) how much he loved him

3) when and why you started your own business and how you went about setting it up

4) why he survived and most of his fellow travelers haven’t

5) when we occasionally came in summer 6) why the whales beach themselves

7) How the pilot managed to bring the plane down safely

8) what steps the Ministry of Railways will take to prevent a similar accident.

9) disagreement on when it should be held. 10) who the driver was

2.

Learn to use the gerund. 1. Point out the function of each gerund in the sentences.

1) digging up: object of started. it has an object and adverbial modifier of its own; doing: object of preposition before