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2) sending: subject of the sentence, it also has an object and adverbial modifier of its own; it being an impersonal pronoun that stand for “sending…”

3) keeping: subject which has an object: a garden

4) binding: predictive (表语)，it also has an object and adverbial modifier of its own 5) saying: object of preposition instead of 6) striving: subject of the relative clause introduced by where

7) hoping: object of ease, which has an object clause

8) reviving: object of preposition of; it has an object and adverbial modifier 2. Rewrite the sentences using the gerund. 1) Missing the flight means waiting for hours for the next.

2) He never makes an important decision without asking his parents’ advice.

3) I’ll return the book to you as soon as I finish reading it.

4) Never enter anyone’s office without knocking.

5) He tried very hard to avoid saying anything that might displease his sick father.

6) Instead of trying to reduce costs, they raised prices and cut production,

7) He has many good qualities besides being one of the most gifted chess players in the world.

8) Many of us may be eating food containing GM ingredients (含有转基因成分的食物) without realizing it. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. (1) looks (2) given (3) deep (4) upward (5) reward

(6) differ (7) while (8) rains (9) shade (10) growing

3. 4.

Translate the sentences, using a noun clause beginning with a wh- word or a gerund. 1) Do you know how computers work?

Anyone can do what I’m doing. 3) That’s exactly where you’re wrong.

4) It is almost impossible to visit Hangzhou without falling in love with the city.

5) That was why she returned to China at age 72/the age of 72.

6) How they broke into overseas markets still remains a mystery to us.

7) Find out who she is, where she came from, and what she has been sent here for.

8) On his first day at school, the boy came to realized what lay ahead of him.

9) Education must sow the seeds of wisdom, besides implanting knowledge and skills. 10) They advised people touring the area to avoid to go out alone after dark.

11) One of her job/part of her work is teaching young people how to handle personal relationships.

12) Making promises without keeping them is not considered a good practice.

2) 5.

Identify and correct the mistakes. Note there

is no mistake in two of the sentences. 1) The CEO left through the backdoor to avoid being seen by striking employees. 2) Robert wanted his father to know how much he loved his father.

3) Would you mind my opening the window during the break?

4) Sit down and tell us when and where you last saw the wanted man. (No mistake) 5) I wonder why he should lie to me—I’m his best friend after all.

I wonder why he should lie to me; I’m his best friend after all.

I wonder why he should lie to me. After all I’m his best friend.

6) With her salary, how she managed to buy a big house is a mystery to all his friends. 7) Had he not been careless, he would have done better in the exam.

8) He gave a detailed account of what had happened on that particular night. (No mistake)

Professor Lin advised me to read more extensively. / Professor Lin suggested that I read more extensively.

10) Would you describe what the attacker looks like?

9)