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英语存在句

一：

所谓存在句，就是指某处存在有某人或某物的一类句型， 这种句型的典型结构就是there be…..这类表达。

所以存在句在通常情况下指的就是there be 句型，如： E.g.: there is a garden at the back of the house. E.g.: There are few boys than girls in my class.

There be 句型中的there 为引导词，无词义， be 为谓语动词， 根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化。 There be 后边的名词 为句子的主语。

二：

表示某处存在有某人或某物， 是存在句最基本的用法， 在实际运用中，它可以有更广的用法， 如：

E.g.: There are not enough people to do the job. E.g.: There are a lot of things I’d like to ask you. E.g.: There are other ways of doing this exercise.

这几个句子中 there be 句型并不具体表明某处存在某人、某物，可视为 there be 句型基本结构的延伸法。

三、

There be 的谓语 就近 原则。 E.g.: There are hairs on your jacket.

e.g.: There is a pen and some books on the desk.

时态，也可有be 来体现， 可以有一般现在时， 一般将来时，一般过去时，现在完成时， 以及过去完成时等多种时态。 E.g.:

There was a hospital nearby

There has been no rain this week. 这个星期一直没下雨。 There will be something you can enjoy. 会有你喜欢的东西。

四：

There being 也为there be 结构的非谓语形式，主要有如下两种用法： 1.是作状语。 2.用作介词宾语。

1. 用作状语

a．There being 结构最主要的功能是用作状语。如下： E.g.: There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做， 我们就回家了。

E.g.: There being no taxi available, he had to walk home. 由于没有计程车可搭，他只好步行回家。

E.g.: There being a shop here is a great advantage.

个人理解：一般做原因状语从句居多。 这类结构有时可以与状语从句转换。 E.g.:

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. =

As there is no further business, I declare the meeting closed.

b.用作介词宾语

There being 结构， 还可用作介词宾语， 如下：

E.g.: They planned on there being another meeting.

他们打算再开一次会。

E.g.: There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute.

现在还有点希望可以解决这次争端

注： there being 用作宾语时，不能用作动词的宾语，只能用作介词的宾语，并且这个介词不能是for.

c. there being 还可以用作副词，叫做独立结构

there being no teacher in the classroom, the pupils began to talk freely.

五．there to do…..（there be 句型的延伸变形）

个人理解能接there to be的动词 一般这个动词本身用法后边就可以接to do 不定式。

there used to be a cinema here.

There seems to be something the matter with her.

介词for 后边可以跟 there to do…

The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.

六．There be 还可与 情态动词＋be动词 连用。 E.g.:

There must be a mistake.一定是弄错了。

There can’t be anyone waiting outside. 不会有人在外面等候。 There might still be hope. 可能还有希望 There may be another demonstration tonight. There must be something wrong with it.

七、There be的变体， there＋不及物动词

有时根据句子需要，我们也可将there be 的动词be 换为 live， remain，exist， stand， lie， come 等， 如下所示：

There comes a bus, 来了一辆公共汽车。

There remained just thirty pounds. 只剩30英镑了

There seems to be something wrong here. 这儿好像有点不大对劲

At the top of the hill, there stands an old temple. 在小山顶上有一座古庙 Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door.

seem， appear，