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1. scooped up; 2. prone; 3. inflicted; 4. cut back on; 5. set in; 6. shed; 7. modest; 8. bypass

Check your vocabulary B.

1. I thought I could not be affected by the gradual weakening of the body that other people

seemed to be afflicted with when getting old.

2. Your body is till in very good condition considering the fact that you are elderly. I hope

doctors like me will be out of work because old people like you are healthy.

3. Now as I began to walk the distance painstakingly, walking only two street blocks took me an

hour.

4. Once again I can compete with younger players.

Reading Three

Check your comprehension B TTFTFF

Check your vocabulary A

1. put an end to…; 2. counterproductive; 3. refined; 4. blink; 5. spill over; 6. view…as; 7. account for; 8. withhold

Check your vocabulary B.

1. in response to; 2. was denounced; 3. elicited; 4. devastating; 5. hold back; 6. welled up; 7 film; 8. bid

Reading Four

Check your comprehension A FTTFFT

Check your vocabulary A

1. quantify; 2. to date; 3. subsequent; 4. exposure; 5. promptly; 6. conceivable; 7. precaution; 8. preliminary; 9.bout

Check your vocabulary B

1. Previous studies suggested that patients who had been given medial treatment for

nonmelanoma skin cancers ran a greater risk of developing new tumors. But these studies were too limited to lead to authoritative and complete results.

2. It is shown in the findings that people with prior skin cancers are at much greater risk than

researchers have thought.

3. The researcher team followed every participant and trailed each case of new skin cancer that

developed fro a continuation of five years.

4. When exposed to the sun, people who easily get sunburned were at a greater risk of getting

another nonmelanoma skin cancer.

5. The older you are, the more likely you will be affected by skin cancers. That’s because the

amount of damage to health caused by the exposure to the sun is increased year after year.

Post-reading 1-5 B C A A D

Unit Six

Part One: Interpretation of the quotations

1. True friendship is like good health. We often do not appreciate its existence until we lose it. 2. A good wish to make friends may come to our minds easily and quickly, but establishing a

true friendship takes a long time and efforts, in the same way as fruit slowly ripens.

3. If you want to succeed in gaining the support and loyalty of a man with his dedication to your

goal, you have to first prove to him that you are his true friend.

Reference answers to the exercises Reading One

Check your comprehension A. FTTFFT

Check your vocabulary

1. Friendship does not rely on judgment. You may feel the goodness in a friend, but the goodness

was acknowledged after you had made friends with him.

2. If you only want those who possess good qualities to be your friends because you have good

qualities, you are far from getting true friendship just as you can hardly build up true friendship if you are after friendship out of the motivation of gaining profits.

3. So if one knows what friendship really means, he would never put an end to it only because

his friend happens to be lacking respectability in character.

4. We should remain humble before friendship and love because we are granted this free gift. We

should feel ashamed rather than pleased and happy when we are no longer humble because friendship and love are gone.

5. Our judgments and penalties have to be part of our life as we pay men and dress them in the

court suit and let them be the judges to make judgments on other men.

Reading Two

Check your comprehension A FFFTT

Check your vocabulary A

1. knot; 2. accommodate; 3. slip away; 4. be treated like dirt; 5. loosen the rein; 6. promptly; 7. kiss up to; 8. stretch; 9. halt; 10. keep bottled up

Check your vocabulary B

1. ram; 2. dissipate; 3. smashed; 4. were ostracized; 5. rein; 6. briefly; 7. gave way; 8. were going

about; 9. slashed; 10. stoically; 11. clunked

Check your vocabulary C

1. So I never said anything to show my unwillingness of going to the boarding school, though all

my senses could feel the reluctance of such a trip.

2. I got to know later that the school’s counselor had asked my mother to leave unnoticed

without saying goodbye to me in order to avoid the outburst of sad emotions.

3. Not only did we refuse to admit the feeling of missing our dead parents, but also the fact that

they were with us before. And we kept it as secret deep in our mind.

4. The only thing we can complain about is that Carneys are too good to us and some of you are

making use of their goodness.

5. Everyone thinks you were making up to the Carneys. Many boys are angry at your act of

flattery.

6. It was a place where the restraints and the outward aggressive appearance of being unwilling

to compromise gave way to something subtle that started changing our behavior.

7. Like the other boys, I also wanted to free myself of the burden I could no longer carry in

mind.

8. But we didn’t carry a photo of our dead fathers with us, and we even didn’t keep one in our

rooms. Photos were generally regarded as something that could too easily remind us of the happy life we had spent with our dead parents; much happier and more normal than the life we had now.

Reading Three

Check your comprehension B FFTFT

Check your vocabulary

1. address; 2. shift; 3 prior; 4. circled; 5. stung; 6. weaves; 7. makeup; 8.retrieved; 9. dampened; 10. deserve; 11. faithfully; 12. tinfoil; 13. crushes; 14. glamour

Reading Four

Check your comprehension TFTTFT

Check your vocabulary

1. collapsed; 2.ignited; 3. a handful of; 4. clean up; 5. shut off; 6. spark; 7. forecasted; 8. hangs out; 9. rush; 10. in advance

Post-reading B.

1-5DCBCBC

Unit seven culture and customs

Part One; interpretation of the quotations

1. Culture is not only the positive result of meaningful education, but also the results of people’s

feeling, judgments about things and ways of behaving.

2. Culture is not only reflected in books and architectures, but also in our clothing, gestures as

head movements and postures as the way we talk and so on.

3. People are tending to be satisfied with the most ordinary things around them; they mark few

impressions of the beautiful and perfect things in mind, though they should appreciated those to keep their feelings alive. Therefore, everyone ought to do at least one thing, such as hearing a little song, reading a good poem, seeing a beautiful picture, or even speaking a few reasonable words.

Reference answers to the exercises Check your comprehension B FFTTT

Check our vocabulary

1. resorted to; 2. aversion; 3. adaptation; 4. deprived of; 5. detrimental; 6. generate; 7. nurture

Reading Two

Check your vocabulary

1. prestige/status; 2. defined; 3. respectively; 4. scheduled; 5. average; 6. status; 7. prestige; 8. lateness

Reading Three

Check your comprehension A FTFTFT

Check your vocabulary

1. The boy felt apprehensive of the day for him to return home.

2. The student was brought in front of the blackboard to account for his behavior. 3. Although they are brothers, they have little in common.

4. When he first came to America, he couldn’t adapt to the rapid pace of change.

5. They felt puzzled when they were doing the project, because the principles were alien to

them.

6. Compared with other women of her age, she was indeed luckier.

Reading Four

1. She would accompany us across the seven long, hilly blocks and put us before the

serious-looking principal though we were unwilling and crying.

2. Very often I tried to avoid being connected to my annoying, loud grandmother who followed

after me when I was walking around casually in the nearby American supermarket outside Chinatown.

3. He treated my mother severely and unkindly and very often criticized her substandard English,

which was mixed with Chinese.

4. When he made a mistake in English, he would blame her for it.

Check your vocabulary B

1. heritage; 2. dissuade; 3. mustiness; 4. outshout; 5. chaotic; 6. be hard on someone; 7. corner

Post-reading

1. US; 2. J; 3. J; 4. J; 5. US; 6. J; 7. US; 8. J; 9. US; 10. US

Unit Eight About Language

Part One: Interpretation of the quotations

1. The language ability is the only human characteristic that makes a human being different from

other forms of life.

2. If all other things remain equal, every human brain has the same structure that can react to any

factors which cause a reaction. This is why a baby can learn any language because it has the same reaction to the same stimulus as any other baby.

3. Language is not the work of the intellectuals or dictionary-makers. Rather, it is the product of

generations of people’s work, needs, relationships, and happiness and it is broadly and deeply rooted among common people.

Reference answers to the exercises Check your vocabulary

1. The international languages for pilots and air traffic controllers, airspeak, and for for

policemen, policespeak, have English as their base.

2. Because of the influence of Hollywood movies and pop music, many new learners of English

have already learned some English.

3. Some countries think that the use of English can damage or call into question their identity as

people or nation.

4. For people with different first language, English, as a second language, has enabled them to

communicate with each other without difficulty.

Reading Two

Check your comprehension B TTFTF

Check your vocabulary

1. origin(s); 2. speculate; 3. predispose; 4. Syntax; 5. contentment; 6. eventually

Reading Three

Check your comprehension A. 1-5 FTTFT; 6-10 TFTFF