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专题限时检测(十九) 阅读理解主旨大意类之标题归纳题

(加★的为标题归纳题，本卷限时23分钟)

A

(2017·江苏省重点中学高三联考)In the western Pacific Ocean lies the deepest place on the planet — the Mariana Trench, which runs as deep as about 7 miles below the ocean's surface. That's greater than the height of Mount Everest measuring about 5 and a half miles above sea level.

The Mariana Trench is home to a variety of sea life. Coral reefs and underwater volcanoes are all found there. But because few humans have been able to go far into the trench, scientists know little about it.

Now they are working to change that. Recently, the Okeanos Explorer has been on an exploration there. Remotely operated vehicles sent out from it are taking videos of life in its deepest, darkest areas. Scientists around the world, along with the general public, can watch the videos in real time. These videos are showing the most mysterious parts of the ocean. Much of the area that the Okeanos Explorer is exploring has been protected since 2009 as part of the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument. Covering more than 95,000 square miles, it is one of the world's largest marine protected areas.

It's very dark, so the animals must use many other senses other than sight to understand their surroundings, find food and escape from enemies. The water is also very cold — slightly above freezing — and its pressure is extremely high. That means only certain animals can live there, like shrimp, crabs, and starfish.

So far, the expedition's cameras have filmed a variety of rarely seen deep-sea creatures, including ghost sharks, huge lobsters, and sea pigs. Perhaps the most amazing sight is beautiful red jellyfish that scientists have never seen before.

Scientists hope this expedition will help them unlock the mysteries of the Mariana Trench. They'll learn about the deep-sea animals and plants found there. They'll also study its unique features, including underwater mountains, mud volcanoes, and hot springs produced by the volcanoes.

They say that this knowledge will also help scientists better understand how the deepest part of the ocean affects the rest of the world. “The ocean plays a role in the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the transportation of the goods we buy — not to mention the weather and climate change，” a scientist said. “The 试卷+教案+习题

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deep sea may also hold cures for some diseases. How will we know what is out there if we aren't looking into it？”

语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。最近，科学家们对世界上最深的地方——马里亚纳海沟进行了一次探测。通过探测，他们对世界上最深的地方的生态有了初步的了解。

1．What do we know about the Mariana Trench from the text? A．Sea life can hardly be found there. B．It has never been explored by humans.

C．It's the world's largest marine protected area. D．It's lively even as the deepest place in the world.

解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容和第二段的“The Mariana Trench is home to a variety of sea life. Coral reefs and underwater volcanoes are all found there.”可知，尽管马里亚纳海沟是世界上最深的地方，但是海沟里依旧生机勃勃。故答案选D项。

2．What does the author want to say in Paragraph 4? A．Living conditions are tough there.

B．The surroundings make animals much stronger.

C．Animals there are slow in reacting to potential threats. D．Animals' sight is severely damaged by high water pressure.

解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“It's very dark，so ... The water is also very cold — slightly above freezing — and its pressure is extremely high”“only certain animals can live there”等信息可知，马里亚纳海沟的生存条件是很恶劣的。故答案选A项。

3．What is implied in the scientist's words in the last paragraph? A．He feels proud of what they have done for humans.

B．It's worthwhile to take effort to explore the Mariana Trench. C．Scientists should spend more time studying the oceanic climate. D．There're many challenges for the scientists to explore the ocean. 解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段科学家所说的话可知，海洋同人类的生活息息相关，且深海可能会为某些疾病提供治疗方法。故可推知，他认为花费精力探索马里亚纳海沟是非常值得的，故答案选B项。

★4.What is the best title for this text? A．The Most Mysterious Ocean B．A Special Experiment on the Ocean C．Searching for Precious Animals D．Exploring the Deep Sea 试卷+教案+习题

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解析：选D 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲的是最近科学家们对世界上最深的地方——马里亚纳海沟进行了一次探测。通过探测，他们对世界上最深的地方的生态有了初步的了解。故D项做本文标题最佳。

B

(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)Mothers who live in areas that are lightly polluted by car gases give birth to babies with lower-than-average birth weight, a new Australian study has revealed. In particular, scientists found that women who lived in Perth suburbs with light traffic emissions had babies weighing around 60 grams less on average than the expected average weight of 3.5 kilograms.

The conclusion was based on the analysis of the records of 1,800 pregnant women and their babies in three city areas. Perth suburbs are an area with low industrial activity and with a mix of polluted and quiet roads. Researchers said that they took the baby's weight at birth and then worked out their expected size under optimal conditions. Then compare it with their actual weight. A computer model was calculating the concentration of traffic emissions around the homes of mothers up to the time they gave birth.

The results were based on what babies' weights were expected to be if there were no other obstacles to their growth such as diabetes in the mothers. Also, the investigators took into consideration if women smoked during pregnancy or had other diseases.

Dr. Gavin Pereira, who specializes in the effects of air pollution on children's health, found in his previous research that Perth's traffic pollution was increasing the risk to about seventy per cent of young kids who suffer serious asthma (哮喘) attacks. He said the findings from that latest study were very surprising for him because the pregnant women who took part in the study did not live in heavily polluted neighborhoods.

Researchers said that their results should not create any panic but rather be a warning signal for the future. There is a recommendation to planners and developers not to build homes in a short distance from busy roads. They added that the debate must be opened up on whether there should be a minimum distance set between new houses and major roads. In general, people should try to put maximum effort in order to reduce their vehicle emissions through greater use of public transportation and cleaner engine technologies.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明，汽车排放的气体所造成的轻度污染对新试卷+教案+习题

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生儿的出生体重有影响。尽管研究人员建议人们对此不必恐慌，但是人们要努力采取措施减少污染。

5．What does the underlined word “optimal” in the second paragraph mean? A．Ideal. C．Medical.

B．Complex. D．Difficult.

解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的“Researchers said that they took the baby's weight at birth and then worked out their expected size”“Then compare it with their actual weight”可知，这些结果是基于婴儿的预期体重的。再结合第三段的内容可知，预期的条件包括母亲没有糖尿病之类对他们的生长发育构成障碍的疾病。另外，调查者还考虑了母亲怀孕期间是否吸烟或者有其他疾病。由此可见，研究人员所创造的预期环境是最佳的。optimal意为“最佳的，最适宜的”，故选A项。

6．Why was Dr. Gavin Pereira surprised at the findings of the latest study? A．Air pollution had led to many diseases. B．The pollution level in the area was high. C．Children's risk of asthma was increasing sharply. D．The effect of pollution was beyond his expectations.

解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He said the findings from that latest study ...study did not live in heavily polluted neighborhoods.”可知，Dr.Gavin Pereira对该项新的研究发现感到吃惊是因为实验参与者所在地区的污染程度较低，而受污染的影响却是如此严重，即污染的影响超出了他的预期，故选D项。

★7.What's the best title for the passage? A．How should we deal with air pollution?

B．Air pollution could affect babies' birth weight C．Why should we care about air pollution? D．Air pollution has caused much panic

解析：选B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是由汽车所排放的气体造成的轻度污染会影响新生儿的出生体重。故B项最适合做本文标题。

C

(2017·徐州高三一模) On New Year's Eve, 64-year-old Bob was watching the Fiesta Bowl between Clemson and Ohio State. It was around 10：30 pm when he decided to go outside and take in some more wood so that he could burn it in his fireplace wearing only long johns, slippers and a shirt. He had taken the short, 15-foot walk to the firewood shed thousands of times before, but this time his poor choice of footwear made him slip, and the fall left him unable to move. 试卷+教案+习题