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promotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests growemployers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat 第一章 绪论

一、填空题 1、德国心理学家冯特于莱比锡大学年在1879大学建立了世界上第一个心理学实验室，标志着科学的独立的心理学诞生了。

2、心理学的研究对象是人的心理现象。 3、人的心理现象极为复杂，它主要包括既有联系又有区别的心理过程和个性心理两个部分。 4、心理过程包括认知过程、情绪过程和意志过程；认识过程包括感觉、知觉、记忆、思维和想象。

5、个性心理主要表现在心理倾向和心理特征两个方面；心理动力（倾向）主要包括爱好、需要、动机和世界观等；心理特征主要包括能力、气质、性格。

6、科学的心理学的研究任务包括描述、解释、预测、调控四个方面。 7、心理学的主要研究方法有实验法、相关法、观察法和调查法等。 二、判断题

1、心理学是一门介于自然科学和社会科学的边缘科学。（√） 2、心理现象又可以称为心理活动，简称心理。(√)

3、人的心理过程和个性彼此密切联系构成有机整体。(√) 4、实验法是心理学研究中应用最广泛的方法。（X） 5、所谓“知之深，爱之切”，说明人的情绪对认知过程的影响。（X） 6、心理学是研究人的行为的科学。（X）

7、在心理过程中，认知和情感是基础，意志是将认知和情感转化为行为的动力。（X） 8、个性心理特征包括能力、气质和知觉。（X）

9、心理过程是在个性心理特征的基础上形成和发展起来的，反过来有影响着个性心理特征的进行与发展。（X）

10、心理学是属于自然科学性质的学科。（X）

11、心理学是对人进行研究的，而人是社会性的，所以心理学是属于社会科学性质的学科。（X）

12、心理学之所以成为一门学科，能从哲学中脱离出来，得益于哲学本身的发展。（X） 13、用观察法进行心理学研究时，一旦有观察机会，观察时间应尽可能长。（X） 14、实验法是按研究的目的控制或创造条件，对由此引起的或改变的被试心理活动进行研究的方法。（√）

15、在实验法研究中，引起的变化因素是因变量。（X） 16、用观察法研究心理现象时，不必借用仪器。（X）

17、个案研究法把个案作为一个研究单位进行的研究，不可以以群体为单位。（X） 18、调查法是直接对研究总体的全体进行调查。（X）

19、在心理学作为一门独立的学科从哲学中脱离出来的过程中，亚里士多德具有重要作用。（X）

20、1879年，德国人冯特在莱比锡大学出版了世界上第一本心理学著作，标志着心理学的诞生。（X）

21、人本主义心理学主张以任何人为研究对象，强调人的价值、本性和尊严。（X） 22、冯特创立了条件反射学说。（X） 23、观察法是在严格控制或创造一定条件下，通过被试的外部表现去了解其心理的方法。（X） 三、选择题

1、人的认知过程和情绪过程统称为（B）。

A.个性 B.心理过程 C.心理现象 D.心理动力

bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \ng to Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \ent\ow profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysis promotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve natural resources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improve the party's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests growemployers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat 2、心理学是研究人的（C）的科学。

A.心理过程 B.认知过程 C.心理现象 D.心理特征

3、心理学研究必须遵循的基本原则是系统性原则、发展性原则和（A）。 A.客观性原则 B.主观性原则 C.自然性原则 D.社会性原则

4、在德国莱比锡大学建立世界上第一个心理实验室，使心理学成为一门独立科学的学者是（B）。 A.华生 B.冯特 C.马斯洛 D.弗洛伊德 5、（A）是伴随在心理活动中的心理特征。

A.注意 B.认知过程 C.情绪过程 D.思维

6、认为人类行为是由某种潜意识动机驱使的心理学观点是 (D).

A．行为的观点 B．生物学的观点 C．现象学的观点 D．精神分析的观点 7、在心理学发展过程中，属于人本主义心理学流派的心理学家是（B）。 A.弗洛伊德 B.罗杰斯 C.魏特海默 D.斯金纳 四、问答题

1、人的心理现象包括哪些方面？

答：人的心理现象是心理学的研究对象。人的心理现象复杂多样，为了研究的方便，一般把它分为两个方面：心理过程和个性。心理过程是指人脑对客观现实的反映过程，包括认知过程、情绪过程，两者紧密联系，统一在人的行为活动中。个性是一个人的整个心理（精神）面貌，包括心理动力和心理特征。心理过程和个性紧密联系、相互影响。个性通过心理过程形成，已经形成的个性制约着心理过程的进行和发展，并在行为活动中表现出来。

2、心理学研究的基本方法有哪些？怎样理解

答：心理学研究必须遵守的基本原则有三个，即客观性原则、发展性原则、系统性原则。 客观性原则是指心理学研究要尊重客观事实，按照事物的本来面貌来反映事物。对心理学研究来说，就是要从心理活动产生所依赖的客观条件及其表现和作用来揭示心理活动发生发展的规律性。发展性原则是指把人的心理活动看成是一个动态的变化发展过程。系统性原则是指把人的心理活动的各个心理过程和个性之间的相互联系、相互制约关系作为一个整体，而不是把心理现象看成是孤立存在的内容去研究。

3、心理学发展过程中的主要学派及其代表人物？ （1）结构主义心理学：冯特

（2）机能主义心理学：詹姆斯，杜威 （3）行为主义心理学：华生，斯金纳

（4）格式塔心理学：韦特海默，柯勒，考夫卡 （5）精神分析学派：弗洛伊德

（6）人本主义心理学：罗杰斯，马斯洛 （7）认知心理学：西蒙

4、如何理解 \心理学有着漫长的过去，但仅有短暂的历史\

bviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the \ng to Mao Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\profile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \ent\ow profile shadow began to gradually plan development. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Mao Zedong thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...Comrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in-depth analysis of the problems to be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysis