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paid time off ---holidays, vacations, sick leave --- shrank 50 15 percent in the 1990s.
As corporations have 51 stiffer competition and slower growth in productivity, they have pressed employees to work longer. Cost-cutting layoffs in the 1980s 52 the professional and managerial ranks, 53 fewer people to get the job done. In lower-paid occupations, 54 wages have been reduced, workers have added hours 55 overtime or extra jobs to 56 their living standard. The Government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job.
For the fist time, large 57 of people say they want to cut 58 on working hours, even if it means earning less money. 59 most employers are unwilling to let them do so. The Government, which has stepped back from its traditional 60 as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours possible.
41. A. of B. with C. for D. by 42. A. less B. same C. more D. much 43. A. by B. for C. than D. as 44. A. and B. but C. as D. or 45. A. for B. with C. in D. at
46. A. past B. early C. earlier D. former 47. A. added B. increased C. brought D. totaled 48. A. stood B. stopped C. remained D. set
49. A. However B. Nevertheless C. Therefore D. Moreover 50. A. by B. at C. with D. below
51. A. suffered B. experienced C. undertaken D. endured 52. A. shortened B. reduced C. lessened D. relieved 53. A. leaving B. left C. leave D. to leave 54. A. when B. where C. while D. though 55. A. by B. for C. to D. in
56. A. preserve B. conserve C. improve D. protect 57. A. numbers B. amounts C. figures D. quantities 58. A. off B. out C. in D. back
59. A. For B. And C. But D. Furthermore 60. A. rule B. function C. task D. role
V. Reading Comprehension （阅读理解） Passage One
In recent years the populations of many of the migratory birds familiar to Americans have declined drastically. The North American Breeding Bird Survey shows an annual drop of two to six percent from 1980 to 1994 for the Baltimore oriole (金黄鹂), the Tennessee warbler (刺嘴鸟), and the Cape May warbler. Other migratory birds have suffered similarly. These birds winter in northern Latin America and summer in North America. Scientists attribute their decline partly to the destruction of forests throughout the hemisphere.
Naturalists have long viewed shade coffee as an important habitat for wildlife, especially compared with other crops. From 1990 to 1994 a team from the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center found more than 150 species of birds on shade coffee farms in Chiapas, Mexico, with numbers of migratory species particularly high. Species diversity on well-shaded farms can rival that in a tropical forest. Sun plantations, in contrast, hold little appeal for wildlife. Research in Colombia and Mexico has
found that sun farms have just a tenth as many bird species as do shade holdings. “a verdant (绿化的)open-to-the-sun coffee plantation qualifies as a ?green desert,? virtually devoid of bird activity,” writes Robert Rice, a policy specialist at the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center.
1. From 1980 to 1994, the Tennessee warbler was likely to suffer a population decline as high as ________ according to the North American Bird Survey. A. 28% B. 42% C. 56% D. 84%
2. It was found that the numbers of migratory birds were very high _________. A. on shade-coffee farms
B. on open-to-the-sun coffee plantations C. in a green desert D. in a destructed forest
3．Well-shaded farms boast _________. A. as many species as does a tropical forest
B. one-tenth as many bird species as does a tropical forest C. as many species as do sun plantations
D. one-tenth as many bird species as do sun plantations 4. In the “green desert”, __________. A. there is a variety of bird species B. there grows shade coffee C. there are a lot of people D. there grows sun coffee
5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A . Growing shade coffee is beneficial to the environment. B. Sun coffee plants are desirable habitats for birds. C. Growing sun coffee leads to the decrease of birds D. Shade coffee farms attract more birds
Passage Two
Astronomers say they have found a Jupiter-like body circling a distant star in a planetary system like ours, an inspiring discovery that raises the prospect of someday finding a planet resembling Earth. Hugh Jones of Liverpool John Moores University said his team had discovered the system, illuminated by a star dubbed HD 70642, some 94 light years from Earth. The star is similar to the Sun in structure and brightness and appears to be about the same age, Jones said. The planet is traveling around the star in an orbital path similar in shape and distance to the one that Jupiter follows around our Sun. those similarities have led the planet-hunters in Jones? team of British, Australian and American scientists to conclude they have found something exciting-the possibility of finding another Earth in the Milky Way Galaxy.
The discovery was found by measuring the star?s wobble (摇动) caused by the gravity of the planet. The technique measures the very slight wobble of a central star and then uses the magnitude of this motion to determine the presence of orbiting planets, the size and shape of their orbits and their mass. The technique works only for larger planets and cannot detect those much smaller. Before extra solar planets were discovered, researchers assumed other solar systems would be similar to ours. However, only a handful of the planets discovered do far follow the nearly circular orbit of our solar system. Most extra solar planets have elliptical orbits, and many orbit too close to
their host star for the planetary system to be similar to our own. 6. The planet found by the astronomers ___________. A. orbits the Sun B. is far from us C. orbits Jupiter D. resembles Earth
7. The star dubbed HD 70642 __________. A. is similar to Earth
B. seems to be as old as the Sun C. is similar to Jupiter D. has one planet
8. The planet and Jupiter are similar in _________. A. the shape of their orbital paths B. the distance to Earth C. the distance to the Sun D. mass
9. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. By measuring the wobbling of the star, we can determine the number of its planets. B. The discovery may lead to the finding of another Earth in the Milky Way Galaxy. C. Jones? team is made up of scientists from different countries. D. The newly-discovered planet is not small. 10. Many planets discovered so far __________. A. are rather small B. are orbiting the Sun
C. don?t have a circular orbital path D. cannot be measured
Passage Three
Increasing awareness of environmental factors and limited energy resources have led to a profound evolution in the way we view the generation and supply of energy. Although fossil and nuclear sources will remain the most important energy provider for many more years, flexible technological solutions that involve alternative means of energy supply and storage need to be developed urgently.
The search for cleaner, cheaper, smaller and more efficient energy technologies has been driven by recent developments in materials science and engineering. The aim of this collection of reviews is therefore to focus on what materials-based solutions can offer and to show how the rational design and improvement of chemical and physical properties of these materials can lead to energy alternatives that can compete with existing technologies.
The most pronounced breakthroughs are currently taking place for technologies using renewable energy sources, such as fuel cells and solar cells. At the same time, the use of these technologies requires reliable and effective ways of storing energy, and exciting developments are occurring in the fields of hydrogen storage, rechargeable batteries and high-temperature superconductivity. Exploring all the options under consideration would be impossible in such a collection. But we hope that these articles provide a flavour of the many scientific and technological challenges and future
opportunities offered by alternative energy sources, as well as illustrating the multidisciplinary nature of the endeavour. Much work remains to be done before they start competing with conventional sources, but if we want continued prosperity and energy security while enjoying a safer and cleaner environment, we must face up to our responsibilities and ensure that these technologies start affecting our everyday life sooner rather than later.
11. In the next decade, __________ will be one of the major energy sources. A. fuel cell B. fossil fuel C. tidal force D. sunlight
12. It can be inferred that the current energy sources are __________. A. very clean B. environmentally-friendly C. Limited D. not efficient
13. ___________ is a kind of renewable energy source. A. Fossil fuel B. Coal C. Petrol D. Solar cell
14. The research and study of new energy sources is characterized by ___________. A. its coverage of many fields in science B. the face that it is time-consuming C. the large investment it requires D. the great profits it may bring about 15. The passage is most probably adapted from __________. A. an introduction to a collection of papers B. a science report C. a thesis D. a popular science book
Passage Four
Prior to Hiroshima, the worst man-made explosion occurred on December 6, 1917, at precisely 9:06 a.m. in the town of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Two thousand people were killed, and 9,000 were injured. Three hundred and twenty-five acres were destroyed. What caused this devastation? World War I was raging in Europe but Halifax was prospering as a jump-off port for troops, supplies and munitions. That morning a Belgian ship, the Imo, was leaving the harbour, and a French, Mont Blanc was arriving. The Mont Blanc was filled with TNT, guncotton, benzol and picric acid, enough combustibles to blow up a city. As a result of the traffic in the channel, the Imo was forced to the wrong side of the channel. Misunderstood signals between the 2 ships resulted in a collision. The crew of the Mont Blanc knew what they were carrying. They immediately lowered their lifeboats and headed in the opposite. Direction of Halifax. The damaged ship started to burn from sparks lit during the impact. The floating bomb floated towards Halifax while most of the citizens watched it come toward them with interest.
When it exploded at 9:06 a.m., much of the area was leveled. Then the fire started and burned a great deal of the city. Portions of the ship were found miles from the harbour. Every year on December 6 at 9 a.m., the Memorial Bells are rung in remembrance. 16. The disaster was caused by __________. A. the gunfire in WWI B. the eruption of a volcano C. a ship collision D. an earthquake
17. In the first paragraph, “jump-off” means __________. A. starting B. busy C. important D. transition 18. Imo collided with Mont Blanc __________. A. because their crews had deserted them
B. as a result of misunderstanding
C. because both of them were trying to leave the harbor
19. when the former was trying to surpass the latter The Halifax citizens __________. A. were frightened by the ship collision B. tried to save the crew of the Mont Blanc C. didn?t notice the accident
D. were not aware of the danger after the ship collision had happened 20. The explosion _________. A. brought about great casualties B. happened at 9 a.m. sharp C. was not accidental
D. was caused by the crews on the French ship
Passage Five
The U.S.A. was the first country to turn film into a popular form of entertainment and important industry. There are many film studios in America today, among which Hollywood is the earliest and the best. From 1911, Hollywood, in California, became the center of the U.S.? film industry. In 1915 the first major feature film Birth of a Nation was made, and at the same time, the famous film star Charles Chaplin made his first silent comedies. Then many studios were formed. In 1928 sound was introduced, and it brought in new styles of film acting and new types of film in particular. It made possible the development of Hollywood musical during the 1930?s the 1930?s also saw the rise of gangster and thriller films. But a large proportion of Hollywood film has always been “romance”, since 1960 the main tradition of the American film industry has been kept up by such films as Cleopatra and The Sound of Music and spy thrillers.
Although the increasing popularity of TV has meant that the cinema is no longer the most popular form of entertainment, the quality of the films and techniques in making films have been greatly improved. Many films are produced by independent producers with new ideas and approaches. New faces constantly appear on the American screen including foreign film stars such as those from Britain, Australia and Brazil. For recent development of American movies we will have to mention one important person-Steven Spielberg. Spielberg has been dominating the movie industry from the 1980s. The name of “Spielberg” has become splendidly famous all over the world. His name is the symbol of success. Four of his films are among the top-ten box-office hits of all time which include Jurassic Park (1993).
21. Charles Chaplin made his first silent comedies __________. A. in 1911 B. in 1912
C. before Birth of a Nation was made D. in 1915 22. Birth of a Nation _________.
A. was the first silence film B. was the first sound film C. came out in 1915 D. was the first comedy 23. The development of musicals _________. A. started in 1920s
B. was attributable to the introduction of sound led to the development of thriller films C. was at its peak in 1930s
24. According to the passage, __________ has a dominating position in many Hollywood films.