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基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。
1.Adequate [??d?kw?t]:a. enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose 足够的；充分的；合乎需要的
eg: People accused the governor of failing to take adequate measures which could have prevented the disaster. 人们指责该州长对本来可以避免的灾难没有采取充分的措施。 【词根】equ表示“相等,平均 【同义】 enough, suff
【辨析】这些形容词均含“足够的,充足的”之意
enough：最普通用词,口语、书面语可用,较侧重分量或数量的足够,多指希望的满足. sufficient：式用词,侧重数目或数量或程度达到某一特定要求或需要. adequate：指数量上足够,质量上适当 adequately:ad. 足够地；充分地
eg: Some students are not adequately prepared for higher education. 有的学生没有充分地准备好接受高等教育。
【词根】ly(1)做形容词用,表示“…的”,通常在名词后;(2)做副词用,放在形容词后,表示“……地 2.competent [?k?mp?t?nt]:a. having enough skills or knowledge to do sth. to a satisfactory standard 合格的；能干的
eg: My secretary is perfectly competent, but she doesn’t have much patience. 我的秘书非常能干，但是她没有多少耐心。
【词根】pet表示“追求,寻求” 【同义】able, capable
【辨析】capable：语气弱于able,指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事,常与of连用
Able:最常用词,多用于褒义,着重指多方面的、经常性的或潜在性的能力.有时也指高超、非凡的能力.
Competent: 强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其他所需的条件.
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8 Since grammar is boring to most of the young students, I think that it must be handled delicately, step by step. 因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。
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The chance came when one day I was driving with my son. As we set out on our trip, he noticed a bird in jerky flight and said, \有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时，他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。”
[Meaning]The opportunity to teach him English came when we were both on a car heading for our trip. On seeing a bird flying unsteadily, he commented that the bird was flying\ Jerk [d??:k]:n.[C] a sudden quick movement 猛的一动；猝然一动
eg: The old bus started with a jerk, so the passengers shook all of a sudden. 那辆旧的公共汽车猛地一动，车上的乘客都突然摇晃了一下。
He indicated the bedroom with a jerk of his head.他扭头指了指卧室的方向 【搭配】 jerk someone around(北美,非正式)不诚实(或不公平)地对待(某人) 【同义】drag,draw,pull,haul,tug, tow 【辨析】这些动词都有“拖,拉”之意
drag:指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物.在借喻中使用时可指把人硬 拉扯过来.
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draw:指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖,不涉及力的大小,含有平稳意味,常在借喻中使用.
pull最普通用词,包含本组其他各词的一些意思,可指朝各个方向拉,侧重一时或突然拉动的 动作
haul:指用力拖或拉,不涉及方向,多作为航海用词.
tug:多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉,但不一定使被拉的人或物移动
tow:特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西. jerk指快而突然地拉
jerky:a.moving roughly with many starts and stops （在行进中）不平稳的，颠簸的
eg: After the bus came to a jerky halt, the passengers got off the bus hurriedly. 公共汽车颠簸着停下来以后，乘客们都匆忙下车了。
Mr Griffin made a jerky gesture.格里芬先生急匆匆地做了个手势 【搭配】 Beef jerky牛肉干
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I carefully asked, \son, how is the bird flying?\\wrong? Did I say anything incorrectly?\我小心翼翼地问：“儿子， 鸟怎么飞?”“有问题吗？我说得不对吗？”
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He got lost. \Therefore, it's flying so unsteadily but not so unsteady.\他一头雾水。“太好了，你说的是incorrectly而不是incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以，要用unsteadily来描述鸟飞 ，而不是unsteady。”
get/feel/be lost: be unable to understand sth. because it is new, difficult, complicated, etc. 迷惘；困惑；不知所措
eg: When you read faster, your comprehension goes up because instead of getting lost in the words, you see the general picture. 当你快速阅读的时候，理解力会上升，因为你看到的是一个整体画面，而没有拘泥于单个词汇。
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9 Curious about my correction, he asked me what an adverb was. 他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。
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Slowly, I said, \我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修饰动词的词。”
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It led to his asking me what a verb was. 这又导致了他询问我什么是动词。
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I explained, \are action words; for example, Dad drives the truck. Drive is the verb because it's the thing Dad is doing.\我解释说：“动词是表示行为的词，例如：爸爸开卡车。‘开’是动词，因为它是爸爸在做的事。”
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10 He became attracted to the idea of action words, so we listed a few more: fly, swim, dive, run. 他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了几个动词：“飞行”、“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”。
become/be attracted to sth.: become/be interested in sth. 对某事/物产生兴趣
eg: More people would be attracted to cycling if conditions were right.如果天气适宜,会有更多的人被吸引到骑自行车的行列中来.
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Then, out of his own curiosity, he asked me if other words had names for their use and functions.然后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的名称。
[Meaning]After that, because of his curiosity, he asked me if other words also had specific names for their use and the roles they play.
1.out of curiosity: because of curiosity 出于好奇
eg: She decided to follow him out of curiosity. 出于好奇，她决定跟踪他。
Out of curiosity, he pulled down the handle of the fire alarm.出于好奇,他把火警器的手把拉了下来.
2.function: n. [C, U] the purpose that sth. has, or the job that sb. or sth. does （事物的）功能，作用；（某人的）职责
eg: One of the chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with their places in society.教育的主要职能之一是帮助未来的公民在社会上找到自己的位置。
His function is vital to the accomplishment of the agency' s mission.要完成该机构的使命,他的作用 至关重要.
vi. work or operate in the correct way 正常工作；正常运转
eg: If the Internet stopped functioning, the consequent losses could be measured in tens of billions of
dollars. 如果因特网停止运作，由此产生的损失可用数百亿美元来衡量。
The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally.当局称该监狱现在在正常运转. 【同义】duty, obligation, responsibility
【辨析】这些名词都有“义务”或“职责”之意
duy:指按道德和法律的标准,一个人永远要尽的义务,强调自觉性.
obligation:指道义上或法律上对他人的义务,强调强制性.也指因做出承诺而被迫履行的某种义务.
responsibility:指任何义务、职责、责任或职务上所尽的本分,强调对他人的责任. function:指因职务或职业关系去履行某种职责.
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This led to a discussion of nouns, adjectives, and articles. 这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和冠词的讨论。
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Within the span of a 10-minute drive, he had learned from scratch to the major parts of speech in a sentence. 在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性。
[ Meaning] Within 10 minutes riding in the car with me, he had learned from zero to understanding the main parts of speech in a sentence. Learning grammar is interesting rather than painful or boring!
1.span [sp?n]: n. [C] a period of time between two dates or events （两个日期或事件之间的）时距，期间
eg: Property gained within the span of marriage such as salary is considered jointly owned property. 婚姻存续期间获得的财产，如工资，都视为夫妻共同财产。
The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. 美国人的平均寿命现在超过了74年。
They have extended the potential life span of humanity everywhere.世界各地人类的预期寿命均有所延长.
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【同义】 distance, measure, reach, stretch, expanse, extent
2.scratch: n. [C] 1)(from ~) from a point where nothing has been there, so you have to do everything yourself 从零开始；从头开始；白手起家
eg: It may be the first time in years when you have had to start from scratch making new friends. 这可能是多年来的第一次你不得不从头开始结交新朋友。
2) a thin mark or cut on the surface of sth. or on sb.’s skin （物件或皮肤上的）刮痕，划痕 eg: The scratch on the watch was almost too minute to see. 手表上的划痕几乎小得看不见。 Don' t be a baby and cry over that little scratch.别那么孩子气,擦破点皮就哭个不停. 【搭配】 scratch one' s head冥思苦想问题的解答
scratch the surface浅尝;触及表面
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It was painless learning and great fun!这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。
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11 Perhaps, language should be looked upon as a road map and a valuable possession: often study the road map (check grammar) and tune up the car engine (adjust vocabulary). 也许，语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图（核对语法）和调整汽车的引擎（调节词汇）。
1.look upon sb./sth. as: consider sb. or sth. in a particular way, or as a particular thing 把某人/某物看作
eg: We look upon you as belonging to the family.我们把你当作家人.
We had established a general opinion which looked upon corruption in public office as a threat to society. 我们达成了一个共识：把公职腐败视为对社会的威胁。
We should learn to be caring and considerate and look upon everyone in the world as our brothers and sisters. 我们应该学会关心体贴, 把世界上的每个人都看作是我们的兄弟姐妹
2.tune [tju:n]:vt. 1) (also ~ up) make small changes to an engine so that it works as well as possible 调整，调节（发动机）使达到最佳状态
eg: In order to keep drivers safe, mechanics are urged to make sure that car engines are properly tuned up. 为了保证司机的安全，一定要敦促机械师确保汽车发动机已调整好。
An auto repair manual can tell how to tune up your car..汽车维修手册可以告诉你怎么修复你的 车子.
2) make small changes to a musical instrument so that it will produce the correct notes 为（乐器）调音，定弦
eg: Someone is coming tomorrow to tune the piano. 明天会有人来给钢琴调音。
They' re just starting to tune up for the concert tonight.他们只是在为今晚的音乐会调音呢 【搭配】in(或 out of)tune合(或不合)调 tune sth.up调整,调节(以达最佳性能)
3.Adjust:v. change or move sth. slightly to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose 调整；调节
eg: The figures have been adjusted for inflation. 数据因通货膨胀而作了调整。
Adjust the aerial' 's position and direction for the best reception.调整天线的位置和方向以达到最佳接收效果.
vi. get used to a new situation by changing your ideas or the way you do things 适应 eg: He soon adjusted to army life. 他很快就适应了军队生活。 How did you adjust to college life?你是如何适应大学生活的? 【同义】 adapt, conform, accommodate,suit,fit
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