2012届高考英语语法精品学案:专题7 非谓语动词 下载本文

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2. 动名词的句法功能 (1) 作主语

动名词作主语表示抽象的概念,通常直接置于句首,有时先用it

作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如:

Climbing mountains is really fun.爬山真有趣。

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(谚语)

(2) 作宾语

① 作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的动词巧记如下:

考虑建议盼原谅(consider,suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse,

pardon)

承认推迟没得想(admit, delay/put off, fancy) 避免错过继续练(avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise) 否认完成停止赏(deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate) 不禁介意准逃亡(can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape) 不准冒险凭想象(forbid, risk, imagine)

② 作动词短语的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的动词短语有:

think of,depend on,set about,succeed in,worry about,think about,

give up,put off,burst out,insist on,can't stand, be/get used to,devote…to,look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,object to,feel like,adapt to,dream of等。

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三、分词

分词包括现在分词和过去分词。学习分词要注意下面两大问题:

分词的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义;分词的句法功能。 1.分词的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义 形式 时态意义 语态 例句 意义 一 动作正在主动 He stood on the street begging. 般 进行或与被动 The building being built is a hospital. 现 式 主句谓语在 分 动词同时发生 词 完 动作发生主动 Having finished my homework, I 成 在主句谓式 语动词之前 went to bed. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. been criticized many times, 被动 Having Jack didn't come any more.

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形式 时态意义 语态 例句 意义 现 在 一般动作正在进主动 He stood on the street begging. 式 行或与主句被动 The building being built is a 谓语动词同时发生 hospital. 分 完成动作发生在主动 Having finished my homework, I 词 式 主句谓语动词之前 went to bed. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 被动 Having been criticized many times, Jack didn't come any more.

注意:了解分词的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义,是正确理解和使用分词的关键。

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形式 时态意义 语态 例句 意义 及物动 动作已完主动 I often heard the song sung. 词的过 成 过 去分词 无时态意被动 s poken and written English 去 义 分 少数不 动作已完被动 fallen leaves 词 及物动 成 词的过 去分词 the risen sun (对比falling leaves正在下 落的叶子,the rising sun正在升起的太 阳)

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