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3) There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I will just have to grit my teeth and sell my hybrid car.

4) The hunter would not have fired the shots if he hadn’t seen a herd of elephants coming towards his campsite.

5) I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory --- he does not seem to remember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing. 2. Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard. However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus. Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equality advocate.

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★ Text B

Comprehension Check: b a d b d c a Language Practice 1. b d a e g c f h

2. 1) crisis 2) weighed down 3) supportive 4) takes all the credit 5) pleaded

6) in control of 7) party 8) expense 9) lives for 10) semester

11) at every opportunity 12) stir

Unit 7

★ Text A Vocabulary I.

1. 1) Strictly speaking 2) drifted 3) resembles 4) invaded 5) is conquered 6) fascinating 7) snack 8) put…into practice 9) source 10) climate 11) surrendered 12) were aroused

2. 1) an absolute necessity rather than a luxury 2) is a valuable addition to the football team.

3) will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.

4) alternative but to g via Vancouver to get to Seattle

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5) declared all beef imports will be banned for the next

six months as an emergency measure to stop the spread of mad cow disease.

3. 1) systematic, have invented, to a very real extent, mysteries

2) to establish, to be modifies/ modifying 3) tolerance towards, strike out, enrich

II. 1. a) wish b) wish c) want d) want/wish 2. a) skin b) hide/skin c) hide d) skin

3. a) raise/rear b) raise c) rear/raise d) raise 4. a)

royal b) kingly/royal c) sovereign d) royal/kingly

III. 1. Indeed 2. though 3. Frankly 4. Moreover 5. To my knowledge

6. however 7. nevertheless 8. Yet 9. instead 10) in other words Comprehensive Exercise I.

1. 1) fascinating 2) tolerance 3) invented 4) addition 5) ban 6) corrupt

7) out of control 8) influenced 9) elite 10)came up with 11) establishing

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12) Massive 13）sources 14）enrich

2. 1) early 2) similar 3) source 4) observation 5) examine

6) features 7) declared 8) stronger 9) accident 10) sprung II. Translation

1. 1) Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.

2) On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.

3) He paused for effect, then said:“We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.”

4) The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.

5) We have no way to protect our personal liberties

until we have established a sovereign state,/We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.

2. Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people， linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common

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source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language : American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language. ★ Text B

Comprehension Check: c c c d b d Language Practice 1. g e d c b h f a

2. 1) give way to 2) predict 3) substantial 4)

integrate 5) in transition 6) aspect

7) to name a few 8) authority 9) dominate 10) had contributed to 11) unique 12) rid yourself of Unit 8