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Unit 1 – Section A

? Language Focus – Words in Use

1. The mayor decided to (condense) his speech in order to leave enough time for his audience to raise questions.

2. It was reported that there was a vehicle missing every 20 seconds in the US. If the trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could (exceed) two million.

3. Researchers put patients through a set of psychological tests to determine the negative consequences of sleep (deficit) .

4. Too much (exposure) to dirty air can cause people to suffer from allergies and diseases that will eventually affect people's health.

5. Moving forward even in the face of great difficulties has become my most important (asset) in my life since it has helped me accomplish something remarkable.

6. The lawyer proclaimed they couldn't jump to conclusions because acceptable conclusions must be supported by (adequate) facts and evidence.

7. To help the employees be more communicative, the company is offering workshops for those who may be professionally (competent) but socially awkward.

8. Most parents, in fact, aren't very helpful with the problems that their sons and daughters have in (adjusting) to their college life.

9. You can count how many students passed an exam, but psychological and emotional feelings cannot be (precisely) measured.

10. In short, participation in sports is extremely (beneficial) for college students not only physically but also emotionally and socially.

? Word Building 1. manager 2. editor 3. substantial 4. survive 5. traditional 6. marginal 7. consistent 8. accurate 9. efficiency 10. recover 11. minister 12. assemble 1. managerial 2. editorial 3. substance 4. survival 5. tradition 6. margin 7. consistency 8. accuracy 9. efficient 10. recovery 11. ministry 12. assembly

1. Careful and detailed planning, plus a firm (editorial) hand, was an essential ingredient in the success of the book.

2. In terms of health condition, we must not forget that health (recovery) is brought about not by doctors but by patients themselves.

3. With the help of the textbook, you'll possibly speak, read and write English with fluency and (accuracy) .

4. While he was trying to get through the crowd, the passenger was taken away because security members found an explosive (substance) in his bag.

5. Dave was newly hired by our company, and he is a good choice for the position since he gained rich (managerial) experience when he was working for another company.

6. Students especially like the design of the textbook that provides a(n) (margin) on each page to let them conveniently take notes.

7. It was Henry Ford who introduced the moving (assembly) belts into his plants, which enabled an enormous increase in production.

8. When the People's Republic of China was founded, the school was run by the (Ministry) of Education.

9. The climate has changed too much and too quickly: This is why wild animal (survival) is becoming more and more difficult every year.

10. If you live in India or West Africa, where there is a long (tradition) of speaking English, you would tend to acquire a variety of pronunciation.

11. In regard to the development of moral standards in the growing child, (consistency) is very important when parents teach their children.

12. Just as most people have realized, jogging is a cheap, quick and (efficient) way to maintain physical fitness.

? Banked Cloze

The Internet has made English learning much easier. English learners used to be (1) (obliged) to spend their time in libraries looking for the books that would help them in their language studies. It was very inconvenient because a lot of materials could only be found in (2) (tedious) and uninteresting textbooks and readers. But today authentic content on a variety of subjects is only a click away. This is especially (3) (beneficial) for those who wants to learn English earnestly.

In order to achieve fluency in English, you need to be comfortable using at least 10,000 words. The (4) (abundant) materials on the Internet make it possible for you to choose appropriate content to read and listen to. These materials can be (5) (adjusted) to your level if you input some key words in the search engine. But how can you remember the (6) (bulk) of unfamiliar words?

In this case, the Internet (7) (evidently)makes it easier to learn vocabulary. You can use online dictionaries to instantly find out their grammatical (8) (functions) and the specific meaning of these words. The Internet helps you to (9) (efficiently) accumulate vocabulary based on lively and interesting language content, which greatly reduces your (10) (distress) caused by inability to remember the new words. The efficiency of this vocabulary learning is one of the reasons why the Internet has become an ideal place to learn English.

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use

1. Since we have invited all the other neighbors to our 25th wedding anniversary party, we (feel obliged to) invite the Browns too.

2. Most of the time, no one will care about natural disasters, and they won't (be serious about) avoiding disasters till one has really struck.

3. When you (run into) a friend that you haven't seen for a long time and have a good chat with him, you may feel very happy and delighted.

4. It is very important to (distinguish between) facts and opinions in order to have a better understanding of what a reading passage is talking about.

5. Though he was very excited about being elected as president of the student association, many extra responsibilities have been (thrust upon) him ever since then.

6. The doctor, having no knowledge that I (was allergic to) this particular drug, prescribed the medicine.

7. It's understandable that, without any support, a 16-year-old can easily (get lost) in a committee of people in their forties.

8. It is hoped that some new high-tech companies will (be attracted to) this small, old town to encourage loans for building houses and factories.

9. It doesn't (make sense) to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 10. A few years later, Franklin got married, started his own printing shop, and was (looked upon as) a successful young businessman.

? Translation ? 英译汉

English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.

人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。

? 汉译英

中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有\字如其人\的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。

Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that \As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.

Unit 1 – Section B

? Understanding the text

1 D 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 D

? Language Focus – Words in Use

1. As she was about to go to bed around 11:00 p.m. last night, a(n) (mysterious) telephone call came and gave the girl a sleepless night.

2. Developing modern telecommunications is a(n) (desperate) necessity for the small African country since it will help the country develop new technologies.

3. The function of teaching is to create the conditions that will make it possible for students to (devise) the most efficient method for teaching themselves.

4. When the airline saw how the strike was hurting its business, it became much eager to (negotiate) with the workers on strike to work out a solution.

5. Julie (recalled) that she and her freshman year roommate hadn't communicated with each other throughout the year since they were uncomfortable with each other.

6. Another impact of computer technology that must be addressed by educators is the Internet, more (specifically) , the vast amount of information that it makes available.

7. Television reporters argue that television can (depict) a news event more vividly and completely than newspapers can.

8. Many traffic accidents were attributed to drivers' (ignorance) of traffic rules or careless and drunken driving.

9. I want a broad education that would provide me with great insight and critical thinking skill to help open my eyes and (expand) my horizons.

10. As he progresses through school, his (confusion) may become diminished, but meanwhile choices and decisions for a college student will increase.

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use 1. Being able to determine the main idea of a passage is one of the most useful skills that can any kind of reading.

2. At least 15 states have offered financial aid, typically enroll top students in the states' public institutions.

3. Those who could not get into the university of their first choice may going to the university of their second or third choice.

4. the giants of high tech in this era, people would immediately mention Apple, Microsoft, Facebook and some other influential companies.

5. In case people can't an application form from the company, can they still show up on the day when the interview session is held?

6. The California state government has already the households to make greater efforts to conserve water for the future.

7. (1) their families (2) when getting aboard the plane departing for America is their most unforgettable experience in their life.

8. On one hand, the doctors prescribe pills for the patients; on the other hand, they require them to healthy lifestyles by changing diets and doing more exercise.

? Sentence structure 1. If I had known it was so hot yesterday, (我还不如呆在家里). Reference: I might as well have stayed at home

2. Since we waited for so many hours at the airport last night, (我们还不如坐火车回家的好). Reference: we might as well have taken the train home

3. I already knew the secret, (所以他还不如全告诉我).

Reference: so he might as well have told me all about it