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人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点梳理及练习

1.official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的

e.g. There will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件事进行正式调查。 【拓展】official 或 officer两者都有官员的意思，但是所指不同。 official常指政府官员或行政官员 officer常指身特定制服的官员，如军官或者警官等。

【练习】My father is an________ in the army, while his father is an________ in the government.

2. voyage n.航行；航海；航天

辨析：voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour

1) voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行 make a voyage 进行一次航行 e.g. Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942. 2) journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行，距离较远，多指陆地 e.g. They will make a journey to Beijing by train.

3) travel: 一系列的旅程，泛指旅游 e.g. We had six days’ travel by car.

4) trip: (短途)旅行 e.g. The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall. 5) tour:为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行 e.g. We will make a tour of Hainan next week. 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空

1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow. 2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months. 3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend. 4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle. 3. because of 因为；由于

e.g. They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。 [短语归纳] because of 是复合介词。 because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。 [练习] He came late to school again _______ he got up too late.

The girl cried __________ what the teacher said. We have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather. because of的近义词组 thanks to 因为；由于

as a result of 由于?的原因 by reason of 因为 due to 因为，由于 owing to 归功于?

Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.多亏了他的帮助，我按时完后了任务。 I had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天气原因我只能呆在家里。 4. native adj. 本国的；本土的 n.本地人，本国人 e.g. Finally, she returned to her native land.

The panda is a native of China.熊猫原产于中国。 【注意】native 做形容词用时，只能做前置定语。

be native to 意为（动植物）是?特有的，原产于? e.g. The tiger is native to India. 5.come up走近；上来；提出

e.g. The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. [短语归纳] come across邂逅 偶遇 come about发生

come at向?扑来,攻击 come from 来自 come out 出版;开花；结果是 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来；传承

[练习] 用come构成的词组填空。

1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him. 2). The magazine __________ once a month.

3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday.

4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy. 5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning. 6. actually adv. 实际上；事实上 （=in fact/ as a matter of fact） e.g. He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous. 【其他】actually adv.居然；竟然

e.g. He actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然指望我给他付票钱。 actual adj. 实在的；实际的 e.g. What were his actual words? 他到底怎么说的？ 7. base vt. 以?为基础

base sth on sth 以某事物为另一事物的根据或基础 be based on 以?为基础 e.g. One should always base one’s opinions on facts. The story is based on facts.

n.基础；基地；an air base 空军基地 8. at present 现在，目前

present n. 礼物 adj. 在场的；目前的 vt. 赠送

e.g. The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents. I am afraid I can’t help you at present.

[重点用法] at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在

be present at 出席；到场(反义:be absent from)

present sb. with sth. = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人

【注意】present作为adj.“现在的；当前的”讲时，常做前置定语；而做“出席

的，到场的”讲时，常做后置定语。

e.g. He doesn’t know how to deal with the present problem. The people present at the meeting are advanced workers.

9. gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 e.g. Things gradually improved. 情况已经渐渐地改善。

This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother. 10. especially/ specially

especially意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要 specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事

【练习】1). Our city is very beautiful, ___________ in spring.

2). He came here ___________ to ask you for help.

11. make use of 利用；使用

[短语归纳] use前可加形容词，表示不同程度的利用。

make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用 use up 用尽，耗尽

e.g. You are not making the best (use) of your talents. 12. latter adj. 较后的；后半的；后者的

e.g. She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life.

【注意】the latter (已提到的两者中的)后者，通常与the former(前者)相对应 They are two choices for us. Many boys support the farmer, but I favor the latter. 13. such as例如；像这种的

辨析：such as/for example/that is/and so on

(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。

(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。 (3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。 (4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。 【练习】

(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E.

(2)Overcooking(烹饪过度), ____________， destroys many nutrients(营养素). (3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German. (4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag. 14. frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的

e.g. His visit became less frequent as time passed. frequently adv. 常常；频繁地

Buses run frequently from the city to the airport. 公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场。 15.usage n.使用；用法；词语惯用法

e.g. It’s not a word in common usage.这不是一个常用词。 【辨析】use和usage 作为名词，两者都有“使用”之意，但是用法略有不同。 usage做“用法”讲的时候，侧重某物的使用方法或惯用法，做“使用，利用”的时候，侧重于事物的使用频率。

use做名词用时，意为“用，使用，得到利用”，强调的是某物“被使用的事实或状态”。

current English usage 当代英语惯用法 land usage 土地的利用

I am not sure that is the most valuable use of my time. 我不能肯定我的时间这样安排是最有价值的。

【例题】I don’t know the _____ of the word.

The church was built in the twelfth century and is still in _____ today.

16. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握

[重点用法] command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事

be under the command of 由?指挥,由?控制 in command of 控制?

be at one’s command 听任某人支配 have / take command of? 指挥?

[特别提醒] command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气 should(not)+动词原形，should