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2012—2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案

1)这里的the second与上文的“The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky,”，所里这里应该翻译成“第二种理论”所以这句话需要根据上下文和逻辑解释清楚。而不能单纯的翻译成第二。。。 2)对于括号内部的处理，我们可以直接放在括号中即可。

【参考译文】约书亚格林伯格为寻找语言的共性而付出努力提出了第二种理论。他采用了一个更实用的共性理论，做法是辨认出众多语言的共有特征(尤其是按照词序排列)，这些特征被认为代表了由认知局限导致的偏差。

50. 【解析】这句话的结构比较简单，复杂的是其中大量的术语和不熟悉的词汇。对于这些词汇我们根据直译即可。

本句结构：Chomsky’s grammar should show…, whereas Greenbergian….

1)That引导的定语从句修饰patterns

2)这里的“grammar”是指是上文的生成语法，所以这里可以把生成语法翻译出来。

3)co-dependencies 这个词需要根据上下词义加之词根词缀来猜测出词义，因为下文指出是两者关系，所以可以翻译为“共存性”。

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2012—2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案

【参考译文】乔姆斯基生成语法应该表明语言变化的模式，这些模式独立于族谱或贯穿其中的路径，然而格林伯格的共性理论预测词序关系的特殊类别之间(而不是其他)有着强烈的共存性。 Section III Writing 51.小作文 【参考范文】

Dear international students,

I am the chairman of the Students’ Union. I’ve just received the emails from you and got the news that you will come to our university. Firstly, I’d like to show our warm welcome. On behalf of our university and all the students here, I really look forward to your coming.

In order to make all of you feel at home, here are some conductive suggestions. Firstly, you’d better take some warm clothes with you because it is winter in China now and it is very cold in Beijing. Secondly, I advise you to prepare some relevant knowledge about Chinese culture for better understanding in class.

I really hope you’ll find these proposals useful. And I’m looking forward to your coming!

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2012—2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 52.大作文 【参考范文】

As can be clearly seen from the vivid picture, in front of a toppled bottel of which most water in it has flowed out, a man says “there is none left , how unlucky I am” looking rather upset, while another man quickly picked this bottle up, saying “I’m such a lucky dog, there is still some left”. How vivid the cartoon it is! The two men show quite different perspectives toward the same situation.

The implication conveyed in this cartoon is that different perspectives we take to exam problems we confront lead to different attitutes or answers to these problems. In the first place, we’ll find the problem is very difficult to handle from the pessimistic perspective. However, if we change our way of observing problems, we may find that we can make some remedial work even to turn something bad into good. In this way, we can find solutions for any difficulties. Every coin has two sides. So why not change an angel to observe the problem we encounter?

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2012—2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案

Whenever we face with the situation like the cartoon,what we should do is to observe it positively, especially when we are experiencing and encountering setbacks, only if we have the optimistic attitude, can we be bound to live a life of happiness

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题

及答案详细解析

Section I Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorized that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.

To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was____11____.

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with

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2012—2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案

an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.

Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20__. 1. A grants B submits C transmits D delivers 2. A minor B external C crucial D objective 3. A issue B vision C picture D moment

4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example 5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless 6. A in B for C to D on 7. A if B until C though D unless

8. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote 9. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success 10. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified

11. A. otherwise B. defensible C. replaceable D. exceptional 12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured 13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged 14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave 15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather

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