内容发布更新时间 : 2024/12/23 13:38:28星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

1

1. As a young man he had to earn his living at tasks that bordered on the menial. From this he gained, and never lost, a deep sympathy for the common people.

译：在他年轻的时候，他不得不做一些近乎粗活的苦工谋生。由此，他对老百姓有了深切得怜悯之情，从未改变。

2.Centralized government had broken down. The feudal lords acknowledge only nominal allegiance to the king. 译：当时，中央集权的政府已经土崩瓦解，封建地主也只是名义上的效忠皇帝。

3.They were virtual pawns of the aristocrats，whose principal interests had come to be hunting, war, and extravagant living. To pay for these pastimes they taxed the people beyond what the traffic could bear, and suppressed all protest ruthlessly.

译：贵族们主要醉心于打猎、发动战争和享受奢侈生活，而老百姓成为他们受控与利用的棋子。为负担起这些娱乐消遣，他们向老百姓征收的税收远远超过老百姓的承受能力，并且无情的镇压一切抗议。 4.To the young Confucius these conditions seemed intolerable, and he resolved to devote his life to trying to right them.

译：对于年轻的孔子来说，这些状况似乎是无法忍受的，他决定用自己的一生来改变现状。

5. During the sixth century BC, competing Chinese states undermined the authority of the Zhou Empire, which had held supreme rule for over 500 years. Traditional Chinese principles began to deteriorate, resulting in a period of moral decline. Confucius recognized an opportunity –and an obligation- to reinforce the society values of compassion and tradition.

译：在公元前六世纪，相互争斗的诸侯暗中破坏周王朝超过500年的至高无上的统治权威。繁体中文开始退化，这导致一个时期道德的衰落。孔子意识到这是一个机会也是自身的义务去加强这个社会同情心和传统价值观。

6. He thought it was normal for men to cooperate; to strive, not to get the better of each other, but to promote the common welfare.

译：他认为人们相互合作才是正常的；要力争，并不是为了打败对手，而是促进共同的利益。 7. In his opinion a rule’s success should be measured by his ability, not to amass wealth and power for himself, but to bring about the welfare and happiness of his people.

译：在他看来，统治者的成功应是靠他的能力来衡量的，他的目的不是为了自己聚集财富和权力，而是为他的人民带来福祉和幸福。

8. The doctrine was changed and elaborated until Confucius himself would scarcely have recognized it, yet two principles remained: the insistence that those who govern should be chosen not for their birth but for their virtue and ability, and that the true end of government is the welfare and happiness of the people.

译：孔子的学说经历了详尽的阐述后，也发生了很大的变化，几乎到了孔子自己都认不出来的地步。但是有两个信条没有改变：坚持选择统治者要看他们的德行和能力，而非看他们的出生，政府的最终目的是人民的福祉和幸福。

9. For Confucius, de came to mean something like “moral charisma” – a property that any good person could cultivate and have. It retained the connotation of having a “magnetic” capacity to draw, influence and inspire that was part of the earlier notion of “Royal Virtue.”

译：对于孔子来说，任何一个好公民都应该培养和拥有一种品质，这种品质就像是某种道德魅力，它保留一种“富有吸引力的”内涵，能够吸引、影响和鼓舞他们，这是皇家美德早期概念的一部分。

10. Literally, Junzi means “son of a lord”, and hence originally referred to someone possessing a particular social status. However, Confucius emphasized living up to the ethical implication of this social role, so that being a genuine gentleman is a goal to strive for, rather than something simply bestowed by noble birth.

译：从字面上看，君子是上帝之子，因此有些人一出生就被授予拥有特殊的社会地位。但是，孔子强调了实现这一社会角色的道德含义，因此，要把成为一个真正的绅士作为奋斗的目标，而不是仅仅是出生高贵所赋予的东西。

2

1. Like a living being, she seemsto change before our eyes and to look a little different every time we come back to her.

译：她就像一位活生生的人，在我们眼前变化着，每一次看到她，她似乎都会有一点不同。 2. Sometimes she seems to mock us, and then again we seem to catch something like sadness in her smile. 译：画中的她有时似乎在嘲笑我们，有时她的笑容又似乎透出一种悲伤。

3. The painting is famous for its portrayal of motion in what would have been a traditionally static painting. 译：这幅画作最著名之处是在动态描绘手法中又有传统的静态绘画手法。 1. This painting utilizes a pearl earringas focal point. 译：这幅画以珍珠耳环为焦点。

2. The painting was not an actual pipe, only a representation of one. 译：这幅画并不是一个实际的管道,只代表一个。

3. If the outlines are not quite so firmly drawn ,if the form is left a little vague ,as though disappearing into a shadow ,this impression of dryness and stiffnesswill be avoided.

译：如果描绘肖像轮廓的笔触不在那么坚实苍白，如果肖像的形态稍显模糊，仿若一个将要消失的身影，那么之前的单调的僵硬的感觉就可避免。