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英语时态

他每天都来。________________________ 他昨天来了. ________________________ 他已经来了. ________________________ 他明天来. ________________________

汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态. 英语的常见时态： 现在 过去 将来 一般 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 进行 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 完成 现在完成时 过去完成时 完成进行 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来完成时 过去将来 过去将来时 时态 构成 常用时间状语 always, usually, often, sometimes, every..., twice a week 等 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last..., ...ago 等 一般现在时 do(第三人称单数does) 一般过去时 动词过去式did will (shall)＋动词原形 一般将来时 be going to＋动词原形 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next..., in...等 be about to＋动词原形 be to＋动词原形 过去将来时 would＋动词原形 将来进行时 will (shall)＋be＋现在分词 现在进行时 am (is, are)＋现在分词 过去进行时 was (were)＋现在分词 现在完成时 have (has)＋过去分词 过去完成时 had＋过去分词 现在完成进 have (has)＋been＋现在分词 行时 多用于间接引语的宾语从句中 at eight (this time) tomorrow 等 now, during these days,或 look, listen 等引起注意的词语 at eight (this time) yesterday 等 already, just, yet, since..., for...等 by..., before...等 for..., since...等 一、 一般现在时 (The Simple Present tense ) 1. 结构: do/does

2. 用法: 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如often, usually, always, every day/year, sometimes, on Sunday等。

2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun.

I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families. 3）表示主语的特征、性格、能力等 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any.

Mary speaks both English and French very well.

4）按计划、规定，时间表(如汽车、飞机、会议)等将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等位移/终止性动词，常与时间状语连用． The train leaves at three this afternoon. The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.

5）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时,即主将从现。 If it____ (be) fine tomorrow, we _______ (go) to the countryside.

If he ______ (come) this afternoon，we __________ (have) a meeting. 6）在部分倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。 There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming. Exercise:

1. Not everyone_________ (like) watching TV now. 2. This pair of shoes_________ (sell) well.

3. The teacher told us the light _________ (travel) at 300,000 kilometers a second.

4. Bill and Tom are hard--working students .They _________ never (leave) today’s work for tomorrow.

5. I’ll tell him about it as soon as he_________ (come) back.

二、一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense ) 1. 结构: 谓动用动词过去式 (V-ed)

2. 用法: 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。

1)表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态.

e.g. 1.----Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet（地毯）. ----Well, it _____ me.

A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. hasn’t been D. hadn’t been

2.He___________(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. (11广东）

2) 用一般过去时表示过去经常发生的动作 (也可用 “used to do”或 “would do” 代替)。 e.g. During the vacation she often swam /would swim / used to swim in the sea. I used to smoke.

注意：①used to 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。 ②would 注重过去习惯性发生的动作。

1. At the end of the meeting, the headmaster ___________ (give) us a talk. 2. Listen! The radio says a serious accident _________ (happen) last night. 3. ----Have you taken the medicine yet? ---- Yes, I ___________ (take) just now.

4. The rooms of library are clean. The boys __________ (sweep) them yesterday. 5. I was going home when I___________ (meet) an old friend.

三. 一般/过去将来时 表示将来时的四种形式 ① will / shall + 动词原形 ② be going to do ③ be about to do ④ be to do

1. be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。

① ----The telephone is ringing. ----I _____ answer it.

A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to ② ---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ---I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor.

A. had B. would C. was going to D. did

2. be going to可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will不能表示 Look at the clouds! It __________ rain.

3. be to 表示因约定、计划，职责、义务要求即将发生的动作, 或客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 4．be about to do 表示“正要干什么…”，

1)表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。

2)常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连词. 3)构成句型： ①… be about to do …when…. ②…was / were doing… when… ③be on the point of doing…when… ④had just done sth…when… e.g. I was about to leave when it rained.

五. 现在/过去进行时

1．表示(现在/过去)说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态

① I don’t really work here. I’m helping until the new secretary comes.

② Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology___ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change 2. 表示(过去)目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。 She ___________ (learn) piano under Mr. Smith.

3.与always，constantly(不断地；时常地), usually, frequently, all the time等连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如： He is always helping others.

He was always thinking of others，never thinking of himself.

3. 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作,多用于位移/终止性动词,如: come, go, arrive, leave, stay, fly, take off.

I____________ (leave) tomorrow.

_____ you _______ (stay) here till next week?