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以上这类动词中有时候有的动词的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，必须根据句子的意思来判断。 What he said suggested(表明)that he did not agree with us. It is/was + 形容词 / 过去分词 + that + (should) + 动词原形

这些形容词主要表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性，即某人对某事的反应。 important, natural, desirable, possible, astonishing, advisable(可取的， 明智的), anxious, appropriate, compulsory(义务的；强制的；强迫的), crucial (至关紧要的), eager, essential, fitting, imperative (命令的， 强制的， 必要的), improper, natural, necessary, obligatory (义不容辞的， 必须的), preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing shocked, requested

It was essential that the application forms be sent back before the deadline. It is requested that a vote be taken. 有人提请投票表决。

It is necessary that we all should do our best to protect environment around us. 注意：

表示不可思议、滑稽、不可想象、令人吃惊这样的形容词如amazing, strange, odd, ridiculous, surprising, unthinkable，incredible等后的that从句中should一般不省略，而且翻译为“竟然”， 表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感。 It is surprising that they should pass the time like that.

It is incredible that Jane should have finished her paper so soon. It is strange that there should be any hope of finding the lost child.

would rather…， would sooner…， had rather…， would just as soon…， would prefer… 意为“宁可，但愿”

从句用虚拟语气，若表示现在或将来的事情，谓语用过去时；若表示过去的动作，用过去完成时。

I would rather that you painted the room green. I’d just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.

在lest that …， for fear that…， in case that … 表示“唯恐，以免”

引导的表示消极意义的目的主语从句中常用虚拟语气，从句用 should +动词原形。 He put his coat over the child for fear (lest )that he should catch cold. He emphasized it again and again lest she (should) forget.

Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot (注意：该句陈述某一事实) 含蓄虚拟条件句

含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现由if引导的条件句，而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的。 如：without, but for, otherwise，or, but that, given, provided, supposing, were it not for等等。

Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.

But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last night. I wouldn't have succeeded without your help.

We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用

It’s (about/high/ good ) time that…，表示“该是。。。的时候了”， 含有 “晚一点” 的意思， 表示建议现在应该做什么事，从句一般用一般过去时。 例：1995年6月四级第43题

It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _____ ? A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left

现在已经十六点钟了，难道你不认为该回家了吗？（答案是C） It’s time you went to bed. It’s high time that we took action. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用

虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）

（一） 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如： ① He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。 ② He acts as if he were / was a TV expert. 他做起事来好象是个电视专家。

（二） 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。

例：1992年四级试题

The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time. A. hasn't watered B. didn't water C. hadn't bee watered D. wasn't watered 那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。（答案是c）

在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： 例：1998年1月四级第38题

The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself. a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure 这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。（答案是a） 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。 例：1993年6月四级第70题

Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.

A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed if only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。 题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是B。 比较if only与only if

only if表示\只有\；if only则表示\如果……就好了\。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 比较need \不必做\和\本不该做\

didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。. needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。 典型例题

There was plenty of time. She ___.

A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried

答案D。needn't have done. 意为\本不必\，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, \不可能已经\。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。

二．独立主格结构的用法说明与注意点

一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念

独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分