无机化学第四版课后习题答案 下载本文

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无机化学课后习题答案

第1章 化学反应中的质量关系和能量关系 习题参考答案

1.解:1.00吨氨气可制取2.47吨硝酸。 2.解:氯气质量为2.9×10g。 3.解:一瓶氧气可用天数

3

4.解:

= 318 K

5.解:根据道尔顿分压定律

p(N2) = 7.6?10Pa p(O2) = 2.0?104 Pa p(Ar) =1?103 Pa 6.解:(1)

(2) (3)

7.解:(1)p(H2) =95.43 kPa (2)m(H2) =

= 0.194 g

0.114mol;

4

8.解:(1)? = 5.0 mol

(2)? = 2.5 mol

结论: 反应进度(?)的值与选用反应式中的哪个物质的量的变化来进行计算无关,但与反应式的写法有关。 9.解:

U = Qp ? p

V = 0.771 kJ

10.解: (1)V1 = 38.310-3 m3= 38.3L

(2) T2 = = 320 K

(3)?W = ? (?p?V) = ?502 J (4) ?U = Q + W = -758 J (5) ?H = Qp = -1260 J

= ? 226.2 kJ·mol?1

11.解:NH3(g) + 12.解:

O2(g) NO(g) + H2O(g)

= Qp = ?89.5 kJ =

? ?nRT

= ?96.9 kJ

13.解:(1)C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)

= CO2(g) +

(CO2, g) = ?393.509 kJ·mol?1 C(s) → CO(g)

= 86.229 kJ·mol?1

CO(g) +

Fe2O3(s) →

Fe(s) + CO2(g)

= ?8.3 kJ·mol?1

各反应之和

= ?315.6 kJ·mol?1。

(2)总反应方程式为

C(s) + O2(g) +

Fe2O3(s) →

CO2(g) +

Fe(s)

= ?315.5 kJ·mol?1

由上看出:(1)与(2)计算结果基本相等。所以可得出如下结论:反应的热效应只与反应的始、终态有关,而与反应的途径无关。 14.解:

(3)=

== 4

(2)×3-(1)×2=?1266.47 kJ·mol?1

(Fe3O4, s) =?3347.6 kJ·mol?1

15.解:(1)Qp =(Al2O3, s) -3

(2)Q = ?4141 kJ·mol?1

16.解:(1) =151.1 kJ·mol?1 (2) = ?905.47 kJ·mol?1(3)

=?71.7 kJ·mol?1 17.解:=2

(AgCl, s)+

(H2O, l)?

(Ag2O, s)?2

(HCl, g)

(AgCl, s) = ?127.3 kJ·mol?1

18.解:CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

=

(CO2, g) + 2

(H2O, l) ?(CH4, g)

= ?890.36 kJ·mo ?1 Q4

p = ?3.69?10kJ

第2章 化学反应的方向、速率和限度 习题参考答案

1.解:

= ?3347.6 kJ·mol?1;

= ?216.64 J·mol?1·K?1;

= ?3283.0 kJ·mol?1 < 0

该反应在298.15K及标准态下可自发向右进行。

2.解:

= 113.4 kJ·mol?1 > 0

该反应在常温(298.15 K)、标准态下不能自发进行。 (2)

= 146.0 kJ·mol?1;

= 110.45 J·mol?1·K?1;

= 68.7 kJ·mol?1 > 0

该反应在700 K、标准态下不能自发进行。 3.解:

= ?70.81 kJ·mol?1 ;

= ?43.2 J·mol?1·K?1;

= ?43.9 kJ·mol?1

(2)由以上计算可知:

(298.15 K) = ?70.81 kJ·mol?1; =

? T ·

≤ 0

(298.15 K) = ?43.2 J·mol?1·K?1

T ≥ = 1639 K

4.解:(1) = =

=

(2) = =

(3)

= = =

=

(4) = =

5.解:设

= 、

基本上不随温度变化。

=

? T ·

(298.15 K) = ?233.60 kJ·mol?1 (298.15 K) = ?243.03 kJ·mol?1 (298.15 K) = 40.92, 故 (373.15 K) = 34.02,故

6.解:(1)

=2

(298.15 K) = 8.3?1040 (373.15 K) = 1.0?1034

(NH3, g) = ?32.90 kJ·mol?1 <0

该反应在298.15 K、标准态下能自发进行。

(2) 7. 解:(1)

(298.15 K) = 5.76, (l) = 2

(298.15 K) = 5.8?10

5

(NO, g) = 173.1 kJ·mol?1 = ?30.32, 故

= 4.8?10?

31

= (2)

(2) = 2

(N2O, g) =208.4 kJ·mol?1 = ?36.50, 故

= 3.2?10?

37

= (3)

(3) = 2

(NH3, g) = ?32.90 kJ·mol?1 = 5.8?10

5

= 5.76, 故