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contains a divination (卜卦) system comparable to Western geomancy (泥土占卜); in Western cultures and modern East Asia, it is still widely used for this purpose. Traditionally, the Book of Changes and its hexagrams (六角星形)were thought to pre-date recorded history, and based on traditional Chinese accounts, its origins trace back to the 3rd to the 2nd millennium BCE (公元前). During the Warring States Period (战国时代), the text was re-interpreted as a system of cosmology (宇宙论) and philosophy that subsequently became intrinsic to Chinese culture. It centered on the ideas of the dynamic balance of opposites, the evolution of events as a process, and acceptance of the inevitability of change.

▇ Extended questions (Para. 8)

Q: What can we learn from this paragraph?

A: This paragraph tells us that the appreciation of certain books demands certain insight and experience

on the part of the reader. If the reader is not mature enough or is not intellectually prepared for a certain book, he or she would not be able to benefit and gain pleasure from reading it, and sometimes this kind of reading may do more harm than good.

Section C Voicing Your Views

1 Work in pairs and list in the following table Lin Yutang’s views on reading in Text A.

Lin Yutang’s Views on Reading 1. Unlike readers, nonreaders are imprisoned in their immediate world in respect to time and space. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ▇ Answers for reference:

Lin Yutang’s Views on Reading 1. Unlike readers, nonreaders are imprisoned in their immediate world in respect to time and space. 2.The best reading is that which leads one into a contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events. Therefore, reading newspapers is not considered as reading. 3.One does not read to improve one’s mind, and thinking so would kill all the joy of reading. 4.The object of reading is to cultivate charm of appearance and flavor in speech. 5. It is harmful to read a book that is against one’s taste. 实用文案

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6.In reading as in eating, what is one man’s meat may be another’s poison. 7.There is no book that one absolutely must read. 8.Certain books must be read at a certain age when you are mature enough to understand the essence of the books. 9.All the good books can be read with profit and renewed pleasure a second time. 10.The discovery of one’s favourite author is the most critical event in one’s intellectual development. 2 Work in pairs and discuss to what extent you agree with the above views. Give reasons to support your opinion if you do not fully agree with the view. The first one has been done for you. Views 1. 2. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Your opinion Partly agree Nonreaders can get a similar experience by watching films or TV. Reason(s) ▇ Answers for reference: Open.

Text B

Section A KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

Key Words:

cite vt. unwillingness n. perception vt. alarm vt. distraction n. essential a. vital a. debate vt. distribution n. distinct a. cable n. transmission n. literally ad. concretely ad. accessible a. specialized a. technically ad. logical a. unburden vt. utter vt.

cite vt.

1. mention, esp. as an example in a statement, argument, etc.; quote 引用，援引，引证，例证 e. g. 1. The minister cited the latest crime figures as proof of the need for more police. 2. She cited a passage from the President’s speech.

2. (law) order sb. to appear in a court of law; to name sb. officially in a legal case [法律]召（某人）出庭；

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传讯

e.g. She was cited in the divorce proceedings.

3. mention sb. officially or publicly because they deserve special praise 表彰 e.g. He was cited for bravery in the Vietnam War.

unwillingness

n. the state of not wanting to do sth., or of doing sth. without really wanting to 不情愿，不愿意；勉强 e. g. 1. Their unwillingness to face the dangers of the journey was not surprising. 2. We were annoyed by her unwillingness to help. Adjective: unwilling Antonym: willingness

perception n.

1. fml the action of having knowledge of sth. through one of the senses (esp. the sight) or through the mind 〖正式〗感觉，知觉

e. g. 1. Drugs can alter your perception of reality.

2. She showed great perception in her assessment of the family situation. 2. way of seeing or understanding sth. 看法; 理解

e. g. There is a general public perception that standards in schools are falling.

alarm

vt. fill with fear, anxiety, and worry about the future 使恐慌（焦虑，不安） e. g. 1. The local government is alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crime.

2. The captain knew there was an engine fault but didn’t want to alarm the passengers. n.

1. fear and excitement caused by the expectation of danger 惊慌；恐慌 e. g. This news fills me with alarm. 2. warning sound or signal 警报

e. g. Neighbours raised the alarm when they smelled smoke. 3. apparatus that gives such a warning 警报器 e. g. I forgot to set the burglar alarm. 4. an alarm clock 闹钟

e. g. I’ve set the alarm for 7 o’clock.

distraction

n. [C] sth. or sb. that distracts, esp. an amusement 使人分心的事（人）；（尤指）娱乐，消遣 e. g. 1. There are too many distractions here and I cannot work properly.

2. Demands for equality were seen as a distraction from more serious issues. essential a.

1. [(to, for)] completely necessary for the existence, success, etc. of sth. [常与to或for连用]绝对必要的；极其重要的

e. g. 1. We can live without decent clothes, but food and drink are essential. 2. The museum is closed while essential repairs are being carried out.

2. attrib relating to sb’s / sth’s basic nature; fundamental [作定语]本质的；基本的 e.g. The essential difference between Sara and me is in our attitude to money.

n. (usu pl) fundamentally necessary element or thing [通常作复数]要素；要点 e. g. 1. Because I live in a remote village, I regard my car as an essential. 2. We only had time to pack the bare essentials.

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vital

a. [(to, for)] very necessary; of the greatest importance [常与to或for连用]非常必需的；极其重要的 e. g. 1. It is absolutely vital that food supplies should be maintained. 2. These measures are vital to national security. Collocation:

absolutely vital 至关重要

it is vital that / it is vital to do something 做某事很重要 of vital importance 非常重要

play a vital role / part (in something) 扮演重要角色

vital part / piece / element / component / ingredient 重要部分 / 成分 vital information / evidence / clue 关键信息 / 证据 / 线索

debate

vt. discuss a subject formally, usu. in an attempt to reach a decision 进行辩论；讨论 e. g. 1. They debated for over an hour whether to accept the management’s proposals. 2. Meanwhile, philosophers debate whether it’s right to clone an individual. n. argument or discussion of a question 辩论, 讨论

e. g. 1. The new drug has become the subject of heated debate within the medical profession. 2. What topics are under debate in Congress this week? Collocation:

heated / fierce / intense debate 激烈的讨论 widespread debate 广泛讨论 lively debate 热烈讨论 public debate 公开讨论

long-running debate 长期讨论 ongoing debate 持续讨论

provoke / trigger / spark off a debate 引起讨论

distribution n.

1. an act of dividing or giving out sth. or an state of being divided and given out 分发，分配，分送；散布 e. g. 1. The manager tried to even out the distribution of work among his employees.

2. Electronic media make the potential for information distribution possible on a scale never before

achieved.

2. the way that sth. is shared or exists over a particular area or among a particular group of people 分布 e. g. The map shows the distribution of this species across the world. distinct a.

1. [(from)] clearly different or separate [常与from连用]截然不同的；完全分开的 e. g. 1. Alcohol has a very distinctive smell; it’s quite distinct from the smell of wine. 2. The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other. 2. easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite 清楚的；明显的；明确的 e. g. The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. cable

n. [U] = cable television, a system of broadcasting television by cable, usu. paid for by the user 有线电视 e. g. 1. China has over 80 million users of cable television, ranking first in the world. 2. I’ll wait for the movie to come out on cable.

transmission n.

1. sth. broadcast on television, radio, etc. （电视、广播的）播送节目

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e. g. 1. We now interrupt our normal transmissions to bring you a special news flash. 2. This is a live transmission of the tennis championship.

2. action or process of transmitting or being transmitted 传播；传染 e. g. Doctors are working to prevent the transmission of the virus. Verb: transmit

literally ad.

1. in a literal sense; really 确实地，真正地

e. g. 1. The Olympic Games were watched by literally billions of people around the world. 2. We live literally just round the corner from her.

2. according to the most basic or original meaning of a word or expression 字面意义上 e. g. The name of the cheese is Dolcelatte, literally meaning “sweet milk”. concretely

ad. clearly; definitely 明确地；确定地

e. g. 1. In this research proposal, the research goals as well as the research methods are all given concretely. 2. Does the past exist concretely, in space? accessible

a. [(to, by)] easy to reach, enter, or obtain [常与to或by连用]容易达到的；易接近的；易取得的

e. g. 1. Although the earth contains extremely large mineral deposits, some of these are not easily accessible. 2. Computers should be made readily accessible to teachers and pupils. Antonym: inaccessible specialized

a. suitable or developed for one particular use 专门（化）的，专用的 e. g. 1. Don’t try to do it yourself; it requires highly specialized equipment.

2. The hospital is unable to provide the highly specialized care needed by very sick babies.

technically ad.

1. [usu. sentence adverb] according to the facts or exact meaning of sth.; strictly [通常修饰全句]从严格意义上来讲

e. g. 1. Technically, you could be punished for this, but I don’t suppose you will be. 2. It is still technically possible for them to win.

2. concerning the special skills that are needed to play music, do a sport etc. 从技巧方面来看 e. g. The dance looks simple, but is technically very difficult.

3. concerning the way machines are used to do work 从技术上来讲 e. g. Agriculture is becoming more and more technically advanced. logical

a. according to the rules of logic 符合逻辑的

e. g. 1. There is no clear logical way to answer this question.

2. If they did not leave until yesterday, then it is logical to assume that they will arrive some time

tomorrow.

Antonym: illogical unburden

vt. [(of)] take away a load of worry from [常与of连用]卸去……的负担；解除……的忧虑

e. g. 1. She has been feeling frustrated since her boy friend left her two weeks ago; she needs to unburden

herself to someone.

2. A servant hurried to unburden him of his bags.

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