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allowed to change the letter given. (1%X10=10%)
11. Psycholinguistics 12. diachronic 13. duality 14. oral
15. lateralization 16. Suprasegmental 17. recursive 18. Homonymy 19. protolanguage 20. community
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%)
( T ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.
( T ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.
( F ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.
( F ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.
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( T ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
( F ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.
( F ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”
( T ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional
dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.
( F ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.
( T ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%)
31. parole: It refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is concrete and varies with context.
32. Broad transcription is the transcription with letter symbols only. It is the transcription normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.
33. Allophones are the different phones that represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments.
34. Phrase structure rules are the rewrite rules which allow for the possible combination of words to form phrases and sentences.
35. Context is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.
36. Historical linguistics studies language change ( or historical development of language). 37. Standard language is a superposed, socially prestigious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media and taught in educational institutions.
38. Linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.
39. Acculturation is a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community.
40. It is simple and modified speech used by parents, baby-sitter, etc. when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language.
V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)
41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples. 1) Mother tongue interference 2) interlingual interference 3) Overgeneralization
42. English has undergone tremendous changes since its Anglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.
Major periods: Old English (449-1100)
Middle English (1100-1500) Modern English (1500-present)
Historical events: The old English period began with the invasion of the British Isles by English-speaking Anglo-Saxons from Europe, and ended with the arrival of Norman French invaders historically known as the Norman Conquest. The Middle English period is distinguished from the Old English period by the Norman Conquest. The European renaissance movement marked the beginning of the Modern English period.