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II：倒装
一.完全倒装（整个谓语动词都放在主语前）
①：There be ＋主语，其中的be 动词可被stand、exist、lie、live、few等不及物动词代替。
②：介词：now/then/here/there/out/in/up/down/away＋be/vi＋主语
例句：1)Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。2)There goes the bell.铃响了。 分析：here是个介词，用完全倒装，整个谓语动词都放在主语前。 注意：主语是人称代词的时候，不需要倒装。（常考） 例句：Here she comes.
③：介词短语引导的完全倒装：介词短语（表示地点）＋be/vi＋主语,谓语动词表示“存在”的意思。（有此意思的是be/lie/stand/exist)
例句：On the wall hang two large pictures. 在墙上挂着两幅图画。 分析： on the wall 是一个介词短语，应该用完全倒装。
④：表语＋连系动词＋主语（表语可以是形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词） Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards. 坐在地上的是一组正在玩卡片年轻人。
分析：可以用改变语序的方法看这个题，A group of young men who are playing cards are seated on the ground.
二.不完全倒装（指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前）（考察多）
①：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语（前一句的内容也适用于另一人、另一物） 注意：1）同一事物不需倒装。 2）句子中既有肯定又有否定，用It is /was the same with ＋主语或者So it is/was with ＋主语。
②：表示否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时引起的不完全倒装。 【常用词】not/no/little/never/hardly/few/rarely/seldom/in no time/in no way/not……until/not only/no sooner than/hardly……when等。 例句：Never have I read the book.
分析：never是一个表否定意义的词，用不完全倒装。
特殊情况：1）not only……but also 前面的句子用倒装后面不用倒装。
例句：Not only was he forced to stay at home,but he was also forbidden to see his friends.他不但被迫呆在家里，而且被禁止与朋友见面。
2 )not until 前面不用倒装，后面用倒装。
例句：Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.她一看见礼物就很高兴。
3 )no sooner than/hardly……when 后面的从句不用倒装，前面的主句要倒装。 例句：No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.他一完成这个谈话就有一个人站起来并问了一个问题。
③：表强调的副词，so/such置于句首，构成so/such that 被强调部分用不完全倒装。
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构成：so/such＋倒装部分＋that＋不倒装部分 ④：only ＋状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句） 例句：Only in this way can you learn English well.
分析;Only in this way是个介词短语，后面要用不完全倒装。 注意：only强调主语时不需要倒装。
⑤：省略if的虚拟条件句中的不完全倒装（当条件句中有were/had/should时）了解即可。 ⑥：as 引导的让步状语从句时用不完全倒装结构。
具体分析;as 引导让步状语从句时，表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前，构成结构：adj/adv/n/v＋as/though＋主语＋谓语 例句1：Child as he is ,he seems to know everything.虽然他只是个孩子，他似乎什么都知道。 例句2：Hard as he studies ,he failed the exam.虽然他很努力，他还是考试失败。 ⑦：当always/often/well/many a time等词放在句前时，后面常用不完全倒装。 例句;Often did we warn them not to do so .我们经常警告他们不要这样做。 分析：often放在句前时要用不完全倒装。
三.同步练习
1. Never in my life such a thing. A. I have heard of or seen B. I had heard of or seen C. have I heard of or seen D. did I hear of or seen 2. Seldom TV during the day.
A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watch 3. Not until his comrades criticized him to admit his mistake. A. does he begin B. did he begin C. began he D. had he begun 4. Not only a promise, but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made 5. nor read English. A. Can’t he either write B. He can neither write C. Can he neither write D. Neither he can write 6. Only when thousands of flowers bloom together . A. spring will be considered here B. could spring be considering here C. can spring be considered here D. spring can be considered here 7. his appearance that no one could recognize him. A. So was strange B. Was so strange C. So strange was D. Strange so was 8. and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat 9. “It was cold yesterday.”“ .”Which of the following is wrong? A. So it was B. So is it today C. So was it the day before D. So it did 10. and the lesson began. A. In came Mr. Brown B. Mr. Brown in came C. In came he D. Came in Mr. Brown 11. On the wall two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. are hanging 12. Never such a wonderful place as Hangzhou. A. have I seen B. I have seen C. Had I seen D. I had seen 13. ,she was very brave. A. Girl as she was B. As she was a girl C. A girl as she was D. Girl as was she 14. Little that she was seriously ill herself. A. Susan knew B. did Susan know C. knew Susan D. was Susan known 15. Such the results of the experiments. A. is B. was C. are D. as be 16. I didn’t read the notice. .
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A. So did he B. Neither didn’t he C. Nor did he D. He didn’t ,too 17. , I would have phoned you. A. If I knew it B. Had I known it C. If I know it D. Did I know it 18. “They have done a good job.” “ .” A. So they have done B. So they have C. So have they D. So is it 19. Now your turn to recite the text. A. there is B. has come C. comes D. will come 20. Hardly the railway station when the train started. A. did I reach B. had I reached C. I reached D. I had reached 21. “I like to watch TV plays, but I don’t watch TV every evening. ” “ .” A. So do I B. So I do C. I do so D. So it is with me 22. Rarely such a silly thing. A. have I heard of B. I have heard of C. hear I of D. was I heard of 23. the rain stop. the crops would be saved. A. Did B. Should C. Would D. Will 24. Seldom play chess. A. we B. we will C. do we D. will we 25. Only after his death considered correct. A. was his theory B. his theory was C. did his theory D. had his theory 26. Albert Einstein cared little for money. Professor Wang. A. Either did B. So was C. So did D. Neither did 27. the plane. A. Flew down B. Down flew C. Down was flying D. Down flying 28. I don’t think Jack will come today, . A. nor Mary does B. Mary will either C. and Mary doesn’t D. nor will Mary 29. “Where is your father?” “Oh, .” A. here comes he B. here does he come C. he here comes D. here he comes 30. he realized it was too late to return home. A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly did it grow dark when C. I t was not until dark that D. I t was until dark that
四.答案
1－5 C D B A B 11－15 B A A B C 21－25 D A B C A
6－10 C C C D A 16－20 C B B C B 26－30 D B D D C
18．B so+主语+助动词，表??确实??。 19．C now放在句首，句子全倒装，用一般现在时。 20．B hardly + had+主语+过去分词+when+句子 21．D 句中既有肯定含义，又有否定含义，此时用so it is with sb.表前面的情况也适用于另一个人。 22．A 否定副词rarely放在句首，句子倒装助动词提前。 23．B 此句虚拟语气，倒装时should提前，去掉if. 24．C 道理同第2题。 25．A 此句属only放在句首修饰时间状语，主句倒装结构，又因是被动含义，所以选A。 26．D neither+助动词+主语，表“另一人也不??”，因前句有否定词little，所以用neither。 27．B 副词down在句首，句子会倒装。 28．D 句意为：我认为 29．D here放在句首，倒装。由于主语是代词，只把副词提前，构成部分倒装。 30．C 此句是强调句型，句意为：直到天黑他才意识到天太晚了，不能回家了。 1．C Never放在句首，句子倒装，把完成时的助动词提前。 2．D seldom放在句首，句子倒装，此句应为一般现在时。 3．B Not until在句首，倒装，时态为过去时。 4．A Not only 在句首，倒装，由后半句知，是过去时。 5．B neither?nor?既不??也不?? 6．C only修饰时间状语从句，主句倒装。 7．C 表语提前，句子倒装。 8．C up，副词在句首，句子全倒装。 9．D A的结构表示：昨天确实很冷 B后的结构表示：今天也很冷 C的结构表示：前天也很冷。 10．A in作副词在句首，句子全倒装。 11．B 地点状语放在句首，会倒装，主语是portraits，动词用原形。 12．A 道理同第一题 13．A as引导的让步状语从句，表语提前时，名词前无冠词。 14．B 否定词little在句首，句子倒装。 15．C such在句首，句子全倒装，主语是experiments，所以用are 16．C nor这里等于neither，此句表他也没注意到这个通知。 17．B 此句是虚拟语气，由后半句知，是对过去事实的假设。从句为if I had known it可把if去掉，had提前，变成倒装句。 习题解析
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