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摘 要

本设计是年产能力为20万吨合成氨造气工段（合成氨所需原料气---半水煤气）的初步工艺设计。本设计采用常压固定床间歇制气法。根据株化集团合成氨厂现场实习及有关文献资料，完成物料、热量的计算。此设计配有设计说明书一份，图纸三张。 说明书内容：1.煤造气的发展及发展趋势；2.造气工段的生产原理，流程选择及生产方法的论证与选择；3.物料衡算、热量衡算；4.主要设备的计算及选型；5.安全技术，绿色环保及节能；6.技术经济.

三张图纸：1.带控制点的物料流程图；2.设备平面布置图；3.发生炉工艺装配图。

关键词：合成氨；造气；半水煤气；工艺；设计

Abstract

This design is a primary design about the synthesis of ammonia 200000T/year techniques accidence contrive. The design owns the process of producing semi-water gas. The design completed the calculation of material and heat quantity according to relevant date. During the design period an instruction and four serials of diagram have been worked out. The instruction includes:

1. The development history of producing coal gas and the developing trend.

2. The production way of producing semi-water gas、demonstrating and the choosing ,factory chamber plan.

3. The calculation of material and the calculation of heat quantity. 4. The designing and technological calculation about the main equipment. 5. Safety ,Green Initiative and saving energy. 6. Economic estimate.

Four serious of diagram includes:

1. 100000T/Y ammonia process technique flow heat with controlled point. 2. The factory chamber plan diagram. 3. The factory spare picture.

4. The main equipment installing picture.

Key words: synthesis ammonia;gas making;semi-water gas;technology design

目 录

第一章 前 言 ......................................................... 1 第二章 合成氨造气概况 ................................................ 2

2.1 合成气原料的选择 ................................................. 2 2.2 煤气化发展史 ..................................................... 2 2.3 煤气化技术发展趋势 ............................................... 2

第三章 生产方法的选择及论证 ......................................... 4

3.1 生产方法的介绍 ................................................... 4

3.1.1 固定层间歇气化法 ............................................ 4 3.1.2 固定层连续气化法 ............................................ 4 3.1.3 沸腾层气化法 ................................................ 5 3.1.4 水煤浆制气法 ................................................ 5 3.2 生产方案的选择及论证 ............................................. 5

第四章 常压固定床间歇气化法 ......................................... 6

4.1 半水煤气定义 ..................................................... 6 4.2 固定床气化法的特点 ............................................... 6 4.3 生产半水煤气对原料的选择 ......................................... 6 4.4 半水煤气制气原理 ................................................. 7 4.5 发生炉内燃料分布情况 ............................................. 8 4.6 各主要设备的作用 ................................................. 8

4.6.1 煤气发生炉 .................................................. 8 4.6.2 燃烧室 ...................................................... 9 4.6.3 废热锅炉 ................................................... 10 4.6.4 洗气箱 ..................................................... 10 4.6.5 洗涤塔 ..................................................... 11 4.6.6 烟囱 ....................................................... 11 4.6.7 自动机 ..................................................... 11 4.7 间歇式制半水煤气的工艺条件 ...................................... 11

4.7.1 温度 ....................................................... 11 4.7.2 吹风速度 ................................................... 11 4.7.3 蒸汽用量 ................................................... 12 4.7.4 燃料层高度 ................................................. 12

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