内容发布更新时间 : 2024/5/4 15:51:44星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

天津大学硕士学位论文

蓄滞洪区洪水演进、撤退路线

数学模型的研究与应用

Research and Application of a Mathematical

Model of Flood Routing and Retreat Route

学科专业：水利工程 研 究 生：管永宽 指导教师：李大鸣 教授

天津大学建筑工程学院 二零一一年十二月

独创性声明

本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 天津大学 或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。

学位论文作者签名： 签字日期： 年 月 日

学位论文版权使用授权书

本学位论文作者完全了解 天津大学 有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权 天津大学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘。

(保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明)

学位论文作者签名： 导师签名：

签字日期： 年 月 日 签字日期： 年 月 日

摘 要

滞洪区的调度是洪水管理的一个重要组成部分，合理有效地运用滞洪区是减少洪灾损失和保护人民生命安全的关键。本文对恩县洼滞洪区在自然滞洪和分区滞洪两种方案下的洪水演进过程进行了数值模拟，推求出两种滞洪方案下的洪水水位、淹没面积、蓄水量；在此基础上，采用蒲田站法预报了在滞洪区内建立德商公路后，区内公路主线和支线在风力作用下的波浪壅高，为滞洪区分洪调度提供依据。本文同时对滞洪区内居民的转移路线进行了研究，提出了启用滞洪区前区内人民生命与财产安全转移的最佳路线，并对其原理、实现途径及具体应用进行了研究。

本文主要内容如下：

1、基于二维非恒定流基本方程，通过有限体积网格法对区域进行网格划分，建立洪水演进数学模型。采用高性能的通量格式提高计算精度，如FCT格式、通量分列格式、TVD格式和黎曼解格式。考虑到本滞洪区的地形地貌以及区域内公路、铁路、防洪堤等建筑物区等概况，将本区域内的不同单元通道概化为河道型通道、地面通道型、连续堤（或缺口堤）和特殊通道四种类型进行处理，并给所有的通道附加特征信息，根据相应的离散方程计算通道水位和流量。

2、利用Fortran语言编制计算程序，采用1963年型洪水流量过程与1954年和1955年蓄水水位、淹没面积和蓄水量比较调试模型参数，模拟结果与历史实测资料比较，两者吻合较好，表明本模型模拟结果比较合理。

3、利用模型模拟求解德商公路建成后，恩县洼滞洪区在自然滞洪和分区滞洪情况下洪水水位、淹没面积和蓄水量三项指标，通过与历史实测值比较可知公路修建对滞洪区蓄洪无明显影响。模型同时考虑了风波条件对公路的影响，计算了公路上选定特征点上的波浪壅高，结果表明波浪计算值较高，可能对公路运行造成影响，因此在工程设计时需要考虑风波因素。

4、为了在最短时间内安全疏散滞洪区内居民，本文采用最优路径法对滞洪区内避险路径进行规划。本方法为滞洪区内人员撤退路线规划提供思路，同时为滞洪区蓄洪管理提供参考。

关键词：滞洪区；恩县洼；洪水演进数学模型；撤退路线

Abstract

Operation of the flood detention basin is an important part of flood water management, and it is pivotal to utilize the flood detention basin legitimately and effectively so as to protect people's lives and property. In this paper, flood evolution processes of natural flood storage and divisional flood storage in Enxian detention basin are simulated, and the water level, inundated area and water storage in each condition are calculated. On that basis, Kamata Masayuki method is adopted in calculating wave height of the main road and the feeder road before and after the Deshang Road is constructed in Enxian detention basin. Transfer line principles, implementation approaches and applications are also discussed in this paper, then retreat route of the residents in the flood detention basin is studied, and the best retreat route is proposed.

Main contents of this dissertation are listed as following:

1. Based on the two-dimensional equations of unsteady flow and the finite volume grid method, flood routing model is established. Computational accuracy is improved by flux format with high performance such as FCT format, flux placed format, TVD format and Riemann format. Since the landform in this area is complex, and many structure facilities have been constructed, the grid channels of the model are divided into four types: river channels, ground channels, embankment channels and special channels. All these channels are characterized by special information and the water level and flow of the channels is calculated by the discrete equations.

2. FORTRAN programs are applied in the computation of the flood routing process. The numerical model is debugged by comparing the simulated results of the flood discharge process of 1963 type with the measured values of 1954 and 1955. The simulated water level, inundated area and water storage are in good agreement with the measured data, which indicates that this numerical model can be used for further study.

3. The aforementioned model is applied in computing water level, inundated area and water storage of the flood detention basin after the Deshang Road is constructed. Simulated results show that the construction of the road scarcely influence the flood condition of this area. In addition, wind effect is considered in this model. Wave height at a set of characteristic points on the road should be considered in engineering design according to the simulated results.

4. The optimal path method is studied in retreat route planning in this paper in order

to evacuate the residents safely in the shortest time. This research result could be a reference for the management of the flood detention basin.

Key words: flood detention basin; En Xianwa; numerical model of flood routing; retreat route