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主谓一致的用法及专项练习题
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
1、语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2、意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数, 但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。
3、就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、主谓一致常考题型
1、单数名词(代词)/不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式；复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom?s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2、“a great/ good many+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但“many a+名词”作主语，意义
虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 A great many students in our school go to college in their teens. 3、more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4、表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积、价格，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作 主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isn?t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn?t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 Five minutes is enough.
Four hundred francs is a lot of money.
5、each …and each …，every …and every ;no …and no ;many a …and many a …等结构由于强调 个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。但是each放在并列主语之后作同位语时，谓语动词不受影响。 Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary. No sound and no voice is heard for a long time .
Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。 We each have our own office. (作We的同位语)我们各有各的办公室。 6、one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7、从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。
To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
To say something is one thing , to do it is another .（to say something , to do 是不定式） “How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .（How do you do ?是句子，作主语） (注意：what 引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。)
What we need is more time ,while what they need are more doctors and medicines .
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8、what 从句作主语
1) 一般来说，按照语法一致的原则，谓语动词要用单数形式；
2) what从句中动词是并列谓语，表示复数意义，主句中的谓语动词用复数； What he said and what he did are not same.
3) what 从句作主语，有时候主句的谓语动词与主句的表语一致。如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓 语动词用复数，否则用单数。
What we lack today is steel and concrete.
What they have done is considered useful to the people.
What the man said under the oath was disputed by several other witnesses. What I am in need of is money.
What he wants to get are some books. 9、定语从句中的主谓一致
1) 一般情况下，关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语动词应和先行词在数上保持一致；
2) 集体名词作先行词，被视作一个整体时，关系代词用which，从句谓语动词用单数；被视作若干个 体的组合时，用who作关系代词，谓语动词用复数；常见的集体名词有：family, audience, class, club, government, union, staff, team, couple, committee, crow, firm, public, orchestra, company等。 3) 先行词是“one of +复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数。
如果先行词是“the right/ just the/ the only/ the very/ exactly the+ one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词 用单数。
4) 强调句型中，形式主语it后总是接单数is/ was；强调主语时，从句谓语动词与被强调主语部分的数 保持一致。
She is the only one of the students who was praised. It is not I but Mr. Green who is in charge of this company. I, who am your sincere friend, have never doubted the reason why you were late for my party. Each one of us who is now living in this city is destined to witness the remarkable Olympic Games. 10、当主语由“all/ some/ any/ enough/ most/ percent/ half+ of+名词”构成时，谓语动词的数与名词
的数保持一致。
当all/ some/ any/ enough/ most/ percent/ half单独作为主语时，根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动 词的数。
“All are present and all is going on well.” our teacher said. One fouth of the books have been sold out. Three fourths of the apple has gone bad.
Three foutths of the surface of the earth is covered with the sea. Those are mine, the rest are yours.
All but one were here just now. All that I want to say is this. 11、a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。
12、当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介 词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名 词一致。
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.
13、由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，
事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的 是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month . Bread and butter is my usual breakfast .
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14、people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作
主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isn?t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
15、either , neither , each , one , the other , another , anybody , anyone , anything , somebody ,
someone , something , everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one , nothing ,nobody 做主语时， 谓语一般用单数。
Neither of the two sentences is correct . Everything around us is matter .
Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。 Nobody was in.没有人在家。
(注意：none , neither, all ,any作主语时，谓语可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意思。) None of them owns/own a car .
Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography. All are here. And all that can be done has been done. Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不正确。
16、news, music, equipment, luggage, information, furniture, advice, progress等不可数名词做主语
时，谓语动词用单数。
The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city .
17、以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
18、由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, either…or…，
neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原 则决定谓语动词形式。
Either my wife or I am going.要么我去，要么我妻子去。
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.要么你,要么我,要么其他任何人知道答案。 Not only you but also he is ready to leave.不仅你，而且他也准备离去。 如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。
Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Neither of the books is very interesting.
19、如果主语是由“kind/ series/ sort/ type/ pile of +名词”构成时，谓语动词的数与修饰名词的kind,
series, sort, type, pile等的数保持一致。因此，a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时， 动词一般用单数形式。
但是，当主语由“名词+of this kind (sort, type等)构成时，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.
20、a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，
谓语动词用单数。
On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods. The number of the students is over eight houndred
21、以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致
There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 22、“majority/ portion/ part/ percentage/ the rest/ 分数/ 百分数+of +名词”做主语时，谓语动词的数
与of后面的名词的数保持一致。
如果中心词是one，后跟由in, out of, of引导的介词短语，谓语动词用单数。 The rest of the magazines were sold out within half an hour.
Only 10 percent of the students in the class are League members.
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