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Sarah came running in．\．\a crispy long object that caused me to jump．It was a snake skin that had been shed by one of our many garden snakes．

\．

I stared at the organic wrapper and thought to myself that it really wasn't that beautiful, but I have learned never to appear uninterested with children．They see only good quality and excellence in the world until educated otherwise． \．

\．\need to renew themselves?\．

I suddenly remembered an article on this page many years ago where the writer was expressing her concept of renewal．She used layers of paper over a wall to describe how we hide our original selves, and said that by peeling away those layers one by one, we see the original beneath．\said to my now absorbed daughter．%unnecessary．Tills snake no longer needs this skin．It is probably too crinkly （起皱的） for him, and he probably doesn't think he looks as smart in it as he once did．\

Sarah was getting the point．As we talked, I knew that she began to understand, although slightly, that renewal is part of progress; that we need to take a good look at ourselves, our rooms, schoolwork and creativity, and see what we need to keep and what we need to cast off．I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth． \．

I hoped she would remember this．That often, in order to find our real selves underneath the layers of community and culture with which we cover ourselves year after year, we need to start examining these layers．We need to gently peel some away, as we recognize them to be worthless or unnecessary; or at best, store the ones thrown away as mementoes （念想） of our promotion to a better vitality or spirit．

59．At the first sight of the snake skin, the author was ______． A．scared B．puzzled C．uninterested D．excited 60．Sarah learned from her father that renewal is ______． A．to recover the layers inside B．to review what has been done C．a natural part of getting mature D．the process of finding the unwanted

61．It can be inferred from the passage that the author ______． A．dislikes the snake skin at all B．shows concern for nature and culture C．can grasp the chance to educate children D．often encourages his daughter to raise questions 62．The author mainly tells the reader that ______． A．snakes cast off the layers to look smarter

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B．we should renew ourselves to get improved C．snakes shed their skins to renew themselves

D．we should explore our original nature underneath

C

Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why

one child grows up to be impulsive （冲动的） and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective．

Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as \novelty seeking \characterized by impulsive actions; \avoidance\marked by pessimism and shyness; \to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists．

The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types．For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions．

The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a child's behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development．

There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward．But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate．

People who have a reward-dependence personality could, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need．

\full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach,\said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis．

If you know it's not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk．Knowing that someone has such a predisposition （体质） could help them\adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful．

63．Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers? A．\． B．\． C．\． D．\． 64．Which of the following is true about shy people? A．They are often shouted at and scolded． B．They can naturally put themselves forward．

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C．They structurally have a smaller brain region． D．They are too timid to be educated and helped． 65．What's the main idea of the passage? A．People have chances to change their personality types． B．Scientists have identified four different personality types． C．Structural differences in the brain have effects on education． D．Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain． 66．The author writes the passage to ______． A．present a fact B．argue a claim C．support a research D．introduce an approach

D

It's time for forgetting to get some respect, says Ben Storm, author of a new article on memory in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science．%under some conditions it actually does play an important role in the function of memory,\Storm, who is a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago．

\is difficult．Thinking is difficult,\Storm says．Memories and associations accumulate rapidly．\learn and retrieve new things if they were left alone, and could just overpower the rest of memory,\．

But, fortunately, that isn't what happens．\inappropriate memories to remember the ones we want to recall．\Storm and other psychological scientists are trying to understand how our minds select the right things to recall—if someone's talking about beaches near Omaha, Nebraska, for example, you will naturally suppress （压制） any knowledge you've collected about Omaha Beach in Normandy．

In one kind of experiment, participants are given a list of words that have some sort of relation to each other．They might be asked to memorize a list of birds, for example．In the next part of the test, they have to do a task that requires remembering half the birds．\make you forget the other half of the birds in that list,\．\—It's forgetting． But what the research shows is that this forgetting is actually a good thing．

\solving and at remembering something when they're being distracted by other information．This shows that forgetting plays an important role in problem solving and memory,\．

There are plenty of times when forgetting makes sense in daily life．\phone and you have to get a new phone number, do you really want to remember your old phone number every time someone asks what your number is?\Storm asks．\where you parked your car this morning—It's important information today, but you'd better forget it when it comes time to go get your car for tomorrow afternoon's commute．We need to be able to update our memory so we can remember and think about the things that are currently relevant．\67．With the accumulation of memories and associations, ______． A．it is impossible for us to get back the lost memory

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B．we might fail to memorize more information C．our daily life and overloaded memory could be out of control D．inappropriate memories challenge our memory ability

68．The underlined phrase \． A．recall B．strengthen C．lose D．avoid 69．It can be learnt from the passage that ______． A．forgetting makes great sense to most people B．the more you forget, the more you memorize C．forgetting plays a part in developing memory D．forgetful people are good at solving problems 70．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Forgetting Is Part of Remembering． B．Why Should People Forget． C．How Forgetting Improves Remembering． D．Remembering Relies on Forgetting． 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Time for a Brainstorm

A brainstorm is a session where a small group of people come together to solve a problem People voice spontaneous ideas, sometimes just shouting, and a note-taker writes them all down. 71 By getting different ideas out there, ideas are said to bounce off each other and even can help solve the problem at hand．Brainstorming is often a group exercise but individuals can also conduct personal brainstorms．

72 He defined it as using the brain to storm a creative problem and do so in commando （突击队） fashion, with each stormer attacking the same objective．According to him, it was easier to tone down a wild idea than think up a new one．He placed importance on the collection of as many ideas as possible and dismissed scientific thinking．

Brainstorming has become one of the most popular ways to solve problems and hold discussion in schools and businesses．Many students brainstorm for a group assignment or even for a personal essay．Sarah Grace, 24, is an Australian marketing analyst and uses brainstorming during all her creative duties．She thinks brainstorming is the best way to work as a team．The sessions get everyone on the same page, everyone moving together and with a clear understanding about the foundations of an event or idea． 73

However, a big problem with brainstorming is creating a mess that leads people further away from a solution． 74 If you don't have a strong moderator or leader of the brainstorm, can go really off track, and people just start discussing something totally different．Brainstorming can sometimes confuse the human brain． 75 If you brainstorm too much and your page is filled up with all the messy links, you can paint yourself into a bit of corner and get trapped with ideas You need to move past brainstorming as soon as you have something workable．

A．The ideas can be smart, strange or crazy． B．It is caused by a lack of direction from a leader．

C．Brainstorming really helps her organize her thoughts．

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D．Brainstorming really is the best way to build team spirit．

E．It can open too many doors and not suggest a clear direction．

F．Brainstorms were popularized in the 1940s by American advertising boss Alex Osborn． G．They can be words, phrases, paragraphs and anything that can help answer the question． 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分） 第一节情景作文（20分）

近期某网站就校车安全问题进行了一次社会调查，结果见下图。请根据图示用英语写一篇短文，介绍调查结果并谈谈你的看法，供有关部门参考。词数不少于60。 注意：1．文章的开头已经给出。 2．提示词：报废车abandoned vehicles

Recently, a survey on school buses has been conducted on a website

第二节 开放作文（15分）

请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。（提示词：刺猬hedgehog）

In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.

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