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名词性从句讲解 思维导图 （附练习题）

定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句

(Noun Clauses). 名词性从句包括主语

,宾

语 ,表语 ,同位语从句 .

★ 名词性从句中使用陈述句语序。

① 从属连词 that; whether; if

(只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分）

1.分类

② 连接代词

what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose,

whic h, 等 .

在从句 中做主语，宾语，表语，定语等句子成分。

引导名词 性从句的 连接词

③ 连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, however, wherever 等

在从句中做状语成分 。

2. 名词性从句的连接词选用原则：“缺什么就补什么”

I know what he is talking about. Do you know who he is? Where he will go is unknown.

(从句中缺宾语 ,指物 ) (从句中缺表语 ,指人 ) ( 从句中缺地点状语 )

(从句中什么都不缺 ) (从句中缺定语 )

I ’ m surethat they will come tomorrow. I don ’ t knowwhich book I should choose.

定义：充当主语功能的句子叫

主语从句

That she was chosen made a great stir (轰动 ) in her school.

注意 : ① it 作形式主语的 that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

It + be + 形容词 + that- 从句 It is necessary / important that .

It + be + -ed 分词 + that- 从句 It is universally acknowledged that../

It is known that

It + be + 名词 + that- 从句

It is common knowledge/ a fact that

It + 不及物动词 + that- 分句

是常识 /事实

It happens that 碰巧 .. / It occurs to sb.that

突然想起

主语从句

② It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较

强调句 ： It is in the morning that the murder took place.

(去掉该结构后 ,句子成分完整 )

主语从句 ： It was a pity that you shouldn

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页

’ t go to see the film.

（在句子中作主语成分）

③ whatever /whichever/ whoever 引导主语从句的区别

Ⅰ Whatever 是 what 的强调形式表示 “无论什么 ”相当于 anything

that

Whatever / Anything that she does is wrong. Ⅱ whoever 是 who 的强调形式，表示

~ever

who .

Whoever / Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.

Ⅲ whichever ‘无论哪个 ;无论哪些 ’,既指人 ,又指物 . 可修饰名词与

连用

of

‘无论谁 ’ 相当于 anyone

Whichever book you borrow doesn ’ t matter to us. Whichever of us fulfills his task will lend a hand to others.

定义：在复合句中充当宾语功能的句子叫宾语从句

We can learn what we didn ’tknow.

We find it necessary that we (should) practice English every day.

★ 某些作表语的形容词， 如 sure, happy, glad, certain 等之后可带宾语

从句

I am glad that you can come and help me.

注意：① wish/would rather 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。

I wish I had finished my homework yesterday. I ’ d ratheryou had been there yesterday

② 在表示建议 , 命令 , 请求的词后面的宾语从句当中用

should + V,

should 可以省略

His pale face suggested that he was ill so I suggested that he should go to see the doctor.

He insisted that he was innocent and insisted that he should be set free.

宾语从句

③ 注意 it 作形式宾语的结构

We all thought it a pity that we had missed the lesson.

I took it for granted that they were not coming.

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④ that

in

一般不接介词宾语，偶尔可作 except,

的宾语；其它介

词后面需用 it 作形式宾语

He differs from his roommates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.

He knows nothing about Jim except that he is from London. You can depend on it that he will help you in time of emergency.

定义：充当表语功能的句子被叫做表语从句。

The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short

表语从句

time.

注意： reason 后面的表语从句只能用

that,不能用 why 引导 .

★ The reason is that（ because ×)

The reason why we didn ’ttrust him is that he has often lied.

(该句型中 why 引导一个定语从句 )

定义：同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容

. 这些名词

主要是表示抽象概念的词如

fact, news, promise, idea, truth; possibility;

statement; warning; advice 等

★同位语的引导词有

that; whether; why; who; where; how 等；其中 that

和 whether 只起引导作用

其他连词具有实际意思，同时在同位语中作句子成分。

同位语从句

The news that China broken the world record in the Olympic Games has cheered all of us.

The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion. ( why

引导同位语从句解

释说明中心语 question 的内容；且 why 在从句中作状语 )

注意：① 只起引导作用时，连接词用

that 而不用 which

Where did you get the idea that she could not come.

② 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： 就看 that 在作引导的从句中是否

做句子成分

The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very important.

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一些重要知识

（ that 引导定语 )

The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very

good. (that 引导同位语从句 )

在名词性从句当中只能用 wh~, 在引导让步状语从

句两者可以互换 .

He will believe whatever others say. ⒈ No matter+wh~

与 wh~+ever 区别

(划线部分部分为名词性从句，不能互换

)

Whatever others say, he will believe it.

(划线部分为状语从句，可以互换 )

Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. (不可互换 )

★ 原则：能用 if 的情况，都能用 whether 表“是否

”

① 在表语 , 同位语，主语 (置于句首时 )从句时只用

whether 表“是否”

The question is whether the film is worth seeing. （表语从句）

I have no idea whether we should go to the party. （同位语从句）

Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn ’ t been

decided yet. ( 主语从句 句首 )

▲ It is doubtful whether / if he will come here.

(主语从句，句末时可互换 )

② 形容词；介词 ； discuss 后的宾语从句中只用

whether 表“是否”

It depends on whether you can do the work well.

⒉ Whether / if 区别

(介词宾语 )

The students are discussing whether they will go out for a picnic this Sunday.

I am not sure whether he will come here or not.

( 形容词的宾语 )

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