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GPS 接 收 机 的 设 计

摘 要

全球定位系统(Global Positioning System，缩写GPS)，是美国第二代卫星导航系统，是在子午仪卫星导航系统的基础上发展起来的，它采纳了子午仪系统的成功经验。目前在国内GPS主要应用于铁路、空运及海运领域，随着社会经济和科学技术的发展，卫星导航观念也逐渐为人们所接受。将全球定位系统应用于汽车导航，给汽车提供全球性、全方位、全天候的实时导航。同时，便携式的GPS定位仪可为户外运动用户提供精确定位数据。GPS 系统由 GPS 卫星、地面监控系统、GPS 接收机三部分组成，其中 GPS 接收机是交由用户使用的器件，它由天线前端单元、基带处理单元和定位解算与应用单元组成。

本论文研究了利用GR-87全球定位模块和STC89c52设计GPS接收机，该接收机可以在串行显示系统中实时显示设备所处的位置信息、时间信息和运行速度信息。完成GPS接收机的软硬件设计，GPS接收机可以显示正确的位置信息、时间信息和速度信息。并实现了GPS定位仪与电脑的串行通信，通过串口可将定位数据输出到电脑显示。同时论文实现了GR-87全球定位模块和STC89c52设计的GPS接收机与液晶模块的显示。

在对GPS全球定位系统的定位的原理进行了详细地分析和介绍的基础上论文完成了对GPS接收机的硬件电路的设计、绘制和主要电路元器件如GPS接收模块、微处理器、存储器、LCD显示模块等进行了详细介绍。具体说明了GPS系统软件及GPS数据输出的格式及其读取方法，并且绘制了GPS软件流程框图。

关键词：全球定位系统，STC89c52，串行通信，液晶显示

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THE DESIGN OF GPS RECEIVERS

ABSTRACT

Global Positioning System (GPS) which isthesecond generationsatellite navigation systems of the United States, was developed on the basis of Meridian satellite navigation systems. It adopted successful experience of Meridian System. GPS was applied to railway, airlift and ocean shipping widely in the past. With the development of economy and technology, the conception of satellite navigation becomes attracting and understanding. GPS can be used in automobile navigation，it can realize real-time navigation to automobile and this navigation is global, all position and all time. Meanwhile the GPS positioning equipment can provide precision positioning data for user who is outside. It consists of three parts, theGPS satellite, the ground control system and GPS receiver. GPS receiveris used by ordinary user, and it also consists of three parts, the antenna front-endmodules, baseband unit and positioning solution modules.

In this paper, the use of GR-87 GPS module and STC89c52 design GPS receiver, the receiver can display system in real time in the serial display device location information, time information and speed information. Complete GPS receiver hardware and software design, GPS receiver can show the correct location information, time information and speed information. And to achieve a GPS locator and computer serial communications, positioning data via the serial port can be output to the computer display. Paper also realized GR-87 GPS module and STC89c52 design `s GPS receiver and LCD displaymodules.

On the basis of detailed analysis and introduction of the GPS fixed position principle, the thesis designed and drew the GPS hardware electric circuit ,and introduced some main parts of the electric circuit detailed such as the GPS receive module，microprocessor, memorizer, LCD display module and function key, etc. The thesis concretely explained the GPS system software, the format and reading method of GPS deferent data，designed the flow chart of GPS

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software.

KEY WORDS: Global Positioning System,STC89c52，serial communications,

LCD display

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