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Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．

The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．

31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its. A.digital products B.user information C.physical assets D.quality service

32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may. A.worsen political disputes B.mess up customer records C.pose a risk to Facebook users

D.mislead the European commission

33.According to the author,competition law. A.should serve the new market powers B.may worsen the economic imbalance C.should not provide just one legal solution D.cannot keep pace with the changing market

34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because. A.they are not defined as customers B.they are not financially reliable C.the services are generally digital

D.the services are paid for by advertisers 35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.

A.a win-win business model between digital giants B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants C.the benefits provided for digital giants’customers D.the relationship between digital giants and their users

Text 4

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated

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to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”

“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.

Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.

“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.

36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________. A.keep to your focus time B.list your immediate tasks C.make specific daily plans D.seize every minute to work

37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________. A.distractions may actually increase efficiency B.daily schedules are indispensable to studying C.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals D.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected 38. According to Newport, idleness is ________. A.a desirable mental state for busy people B.a major contributor to physical health C.an effective way to save time and energy

D.an essential factor in accomplishing any work

39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______. A.can result in psychological well-being B.canbring about greater efficiency C.is aimed at better balance in work D.is driven by task urgency

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40. This text is mainly about _______. A.ways to relieve the tension of busy life

B.approaches to getting more done in less time C.the key to eliminating distractions D.the cause of the lack of focus time Part B Directions:

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A. Just say it B. Be present

C. Pay a unique compliment D. Name, places, things E. Find the “me too”s F. Skip the small talk G. Ask for an opinion

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers. 41._____A_______

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say

something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.

Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!

I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.

42.______F______

It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.

Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.

So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43._____E_______

When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.

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44._____B_______

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.

So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.

45._____D_______

You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!

So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.

When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.

That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!

Section Ⅲ Translation

46.Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.

【参考译文】

一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。他在“宇航员”那里画了线，但是又很快加上了“科学家”。他相信，如果他读的书够多，就可以任意选择他所喜欢的职业。所以他读了从百科全书到科幻小说非常多的书。他对于读书太过于痴迷以至于他的父母不得不制定了在餐桌上“禁止读书政策”。

这个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他至今都没有停止过阅读，即使已经成为世上最成功的人士之一。如今，他不仅阅读科幻作品和百科丛书：他最近透漏自己一年至少阅读50本非小说书籍，因为这些书揭秘了世界的运转方式。比尔盖茨说：“每一本书都开辟了探索知识的新路径”。

Section ⅣWriting

Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to