内容发布更新时间 : 2024/11/19 15:34:24星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

F:我认为你是对的。这可能与kiasu的精神有关。 M:Kiasu？

F:是的,这意味着“害怕失去”。这是一些人内化的想法,使他们努力成为最好的。例如,新加坡是世界上最繁忙的航运港口之一,也是世界上最好的医疗保健系统之一。

M:真令人印象深刻。新加坡的法律呢？你是怎么写口香糖的？

F:那么你不能在新加坡卖口香糖。这是非法的,警方执行该法律。在街上随地吐痰也会给你带来巨大的罚款。然后忘记在公共场所冲洗厕所是可以的。

M:我认为法律看起来太严格了,不是吗？

F:其实没有。我不这么认为。这些法律使新加坡成为世界上最干净,最安全的地方之一。在我看来,宁愿有严格的法律和安全的街道,而不是宽松的法律和更多的罪行。

M:嗯。我不太确定。我认为这是一个有争议的问题。但我同意新加坡是一个有趣的地方。F:肯定。

M:好的,我想你已经回答了我所有的问题。 F:好。

M:再次感谢你的笔记。见下一堂课。 F:是的,那就见。 Further listening Listening 1

Finding affordable land for housing is a challenge in many of the world’s largest cities. Some residents of Tokyo, Japan, have found a solution to this problem. They are building homes on pieces of land as small as 344 square feet (32 square meters). These “microhomes”

allow people to live close to central Tokyo and cost much less than other homes in the city. Many micro-homes have several floors and big windows that maximize sunlight.

Many cities have problems with air pollution and smog. What can big cities do to regulate the amount of air pollution and smog generated by cars and factories? An Italian company has come up with an innovative tool to reduce pollution: smog-eating cement. The cement contains a substance that converts pollution into harmless chemicals. The harmless chemicals wash off roadways when it rains. Smog-eating materials are also being used in roof tiles in Los Angeles, California, the smoggiest city in the United States.

Cities must find creative ways to build public parks, gardens, and outdoor areas when space is limited. In New York City, the High Line was an unattractive black steel structure that once supported railroad tracks. Today, the High Line has been restored as an elevated urban park. The park was financed by donations, and now it is one of the most inviting public spaces in the city. Visitors can walk through the gardens, relax on the sun deck, and attend public art exhibits and special events.

在世界上许多大城市中，寻找负担得起的住房用地是一项挑战。日本东京的一些居民找到了解决这个问题的办法。他们在344平方英尺（32平方米）的土地上建造房屋。这些“微型家庭”

允许人们住在靠近东京市中心的地方，而且比东京其他地方的房子便宜得多。许多微型住宅有几层楼和大窗户，可以最大限度地利用阳光。

许多城市存在空气污染和烟雾问题。大城市能做些什么来控制汽车和工厂产生的空气污染和

烟雾的数量？一家意大利公司已经想出了一种减少污染的创新工具：烟雾侵蚀水泥。水泥中含有一种能将污染转化为无害化学物质的物质。当下雨时，无害的化学物质会冲走道路。在美国烟雾最为严重的城市洛杉矶，以烟雾为食的屋顶瓦也在使用。

当空间有限时，城市必须找到创造性的方式来建设公园、花园和户外区域。在纽约市，高铁是一个没有吸引力的黑色钢结构，曾经支持铁路轨道。今天，这条高架线已恢复为高架城市公园。这个公园是由捐款资助的，现在它是这个城市最吸引人的公共空间之一。游客可以穿过花园，在阳光甲板上放松，参加公共艺术展览和特殊活动。 Listening 2

Welcome to Venice, everybody! To start our tour today, I want to tell you about a challenge we face in our beautiful city: floods. You see, a large portion of Venice was built on a salt marsh. City planners had to find a way to maximize space and use every part of the marsh. Builders placed hundreds of wooden logs deep into the marsh. Then they placed building foundations on top of the logs. By doing this, they were able to convert the salt marsh into land for farming. But the salt marsh is like a giant sponge. The weight of the city pushes down on the salt marsh and buildings slowly sink into the water. High tides, called acqua alta, are also a problem. Now, Venice floods on a regular basis. Venetian residents are used to the floods, but our old and beautiful buildings suffer. Many structures are damaged by the water and the restoration of these buildings is very expensive.

The city is now building water barriers that will stop seawater from flooding the city. This innovative project is called MOSE, and it will be completed soon. The cost of this project is

already more than seven billion dollars. Some people argue that the project violates government regulations and is illegal. Others believe that the water barriers will interfere with the beauty of the city and will cause tourists to leave. Let’s hope this does not happen, because tourism generates business for shops, restaurants, and hotels. Financial support is necessary to help pay for the MOSE project. So thank you for coming to Venice! 欢迎来到威尼斯，各位！为了今天开始我们的旅行，我想告诉你在我们美丽的城市我们面临的一个挑战：洪水。你看，威尼斯很大一部分是建在盐沼上的。城市规划者必须找到一种最大化空间的方法，利用沼泽地的每一部分。建筑工人在沼泽深处放置了数百根木头。然后他们把建筑地基放在圆木上。这样，他们就可以把盐沼变成农田。但是盐沼就像一块巨大的海绵。城市的重量压在盐沼上，建筑物慢慢沉入水中。涨潮，也被称为阿尔塔海潮，也是一个问题。现在，威尼斯经常洪水泛滥。威尼斯居民已经习惯了洪水，但我们美丽的老建筑却遭受了损失。许多建筑物都被水损坏了，这些建筑物的修复费用很高。

该市目前正在修建水屏障，以防止海水淹没该市。这个创新的项目被称为mose，它将很快完成。这个项目的成本已经超过70亿美元。有人认为该项目违反了政府规定，是违法的。另一些人认为，水障碍会干扰城市的美丽，并会导致游客离开。我们希望这不会发生，因为旅游业为商店、餐馆和酒店创造了商机。为帮助支付MoSE项目所需的资金支持是必要的。所以谢谢你来威尼斯！ Listening 3

Keeping rivers clean is a challenge for most large cities. In the 1900s, rivers in many cities were polluted by harmful chemicals and raw sewage from nearby industries. Fish were often missing from urban rivers completely. Today, some large European cities are

successfully keeping their rivers clean. More and more, fishermen are catching fish in rivers flowing through cities such as London, Paris, and Stockholm. Even fish that require very clean water to live, such as salmon and trout, are being caught. Why are the fish returning? A couple of reasons have been suggested. One reason is the disappearance of industries that used to pollute the rivers. Tough new pollution laws and water rules have also helped make rivers cleaner. Not all the rivers have been cleaned up, but the signs of recovery are promising for Europe’s urban rivers.

对大多数大城市来说，保持河流清洁是一项挑战。20世纪90年代，许多城市的河流受到有害化学物质和附近工业的未经处理的污水的污染。城市河流中的鱼类经常完全消失。今天，一些欧洲大城市成功地保持了河流的清洁。越来越多的渔民在流经伦敦、巴黎和斯德哥尔摩等城市的河流中捕鱼。甚至需要非常干净的水才能生存的鱼，如鲑鱼和鳟鱼，也会被捕获。为什么鱼回来了？有人提出了几个理由。一个原因是过去污染河流的工业消失了。严格的新污染法和水法规也有助于使河流更加清洁。并不是所有的河流都被清理干净了，但是欧洲城市河流的恢复迹象是有希望的。