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第五讲 定语从句
(对应学生用书第14页)
1．(2017·江苏高考卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one
of________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A．which B．its C．whose D．whom
C [句意：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。purposes与“the World Food Programme”存在“所属”关系，此处指“世界粮食计划署的宗旨之一”，且空格处在句中作定语，因此选择whose。]
2．(2016·江苏高考卷)Many young people，most________ were well-educated，
headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A．of which C．of whom
B．of them D．of those
C [句意：许多年轻人，其中大部分受过良好教育，奔赴偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想。headed是主句的谓语动词，根据逗号可知空格后是非限制性定语从句。由于先行词many young people指人，故介词后关系代词用whom。]
3．(2015·江苏高考卷)The number of smokers，________ is reported，has dropped by
17 percent in just one year.
A．it B．which C．what D．as
D [句意：据报道，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就减少了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中所表达的全部内容，as在从句中作主语。] 4．(2014·江苏高考卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，
especially at work________ a good impression is a must. A．which B．when C．as D．where
D [句意：这本书在日常交流中对我的帮助很大，尤其是必须留下好印象的工作中。先行词是work，故用关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中
充当状语，相当于in which。]
5．(2017·天津高考卷)My eldest son，________ work takes him all over the world，
is in New York at the moment.
A．that B．whose C．his D．who
B [句意：我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。从句意和句子结构的衔接看，本空需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句修饰主句的主语“My eldest son”，并在从句中作定语，因此这里用whose引导定语从句。]
6．(2017·北京高考卷)The little problems________ we meet in our daily lives may be
inspirations for great inventions.
A．that B．as C．where D．when
A [句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，“________ we meet in our daily lives”为定语从句，修饰先行词problems，且从句缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that引导定语从句。]
【导学号：25874009】
一、关系词的用法
引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。
关系词 who whom whose that which 被修饰的先行词 指人的词 指人的词 指人或物的词 指人或物的词 指物的词或整个主句 关系词在从句 中充当的成分 主语、宾语 宾语 定语 主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语 as when where why 指人或物的词或整个主句 表示时间的名词 表示地点的名词 表示原因的名词reason 主语、宾语 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题： 1．介词的确定
该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。
①Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？(根据shake hands with...确定)
②He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(根据先行词的需要确定，即through the telescope) 2．关系代词的使用
介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不用that。指物时用which，指人时用whom，作定语时用whose。
The factory in which he once worked is torn down.
The woman to whom I talked just now is my English teacher.
Last month，part of the province was struck by floods，from whose effects the people are still suffering.
3．“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”结构
“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。
China has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film. 4．“名词＋of which”结构
“名词＋of which”常代替“whose＋名词”在定语从句中作定语。 I saw some trees，the leaves of which(＝whose leaves) were black with disease. He mentioned a book，the title of which(＝whose title) I've forgotten.
三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。
1．which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主
句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。
I failed again in the match，which was a great pity. As we had expected，he opposed the plan.
2．which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，
意为“正如”。
He sold his bicycle，which surprised me. As we know，smoking is harmful to our health. ＝Smoking is harmful to our health，as we know.
注意：有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前一般有the same，as，such，so等词修饰。
3．which引导的此类定语从句与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主
句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。
Jim is addicted to computer games，which upsets his parents very much. 四、先行词表示时间、地点、原因、方式的时候，如果在从句中作主语或者宾语，用which或者that引导；如果在从句中作状语，分别用when，where，why，in which/ that引导。 1．这部电影使我想起了我是中学生的时候。
The film reminded me of the time when I was a middle school student. 2．这部电影让我想起了和奶奶一起度过的日子。
The film reminded me of the days(that/ which)I spent with my grandma. 3．在国外生活了20年之后，他回到了生他、养他的故乡。
Having lived abroad for 20 years，he returned to the hometown where he was born and brought up.
4．他爸爸曾经在前天我们参观的那个小镇上工作过。
His father once worked in the town(that/ which)we visited the other day. 5．他比赛失败的原因是他太紧张了。
The reason why he failed the match was that he was too nervous.
但是如果先行词在句中作主语和宾语，只能用who，whom，which和that。试比较：
6．你对我解释的原因只是一个借口而已。
The reason( that/which )you explained to me was only an excuse. 7．他回答问题的方式让人吃惊。
The way( in which/ that)he answered the questions was surprising. 8．你有没有想出一个能解决这个问题的方法？
Have you thought of a way that/ which can work out the problem?
1．(2017·南京、盐城高三一模)He's a very good actor，________ a lot of comedians
are not，and he's a good director and a good writer as well. A．who B．where C．whom D．which
D [句意：他是一个非常好的演员，很多喜剧演员都不是，而且他也是一位好导演和好作家。先行词a very good actor在非限制性定语从句中作are not的表语，表示职业，所以用关系代词which引导。]
2．(2017·镇江高三一模)As to Gaokao reform，the spokesman had a sincere
conversation with journalists，the press release of________ has already been made public.
A．whom B．which C．when D．where
B [句意：关于高考改革，发言人与记者进行了真诚的交谈，交谈的新闻稿已经被公开了。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，且该定语从句表示所属关系，先行词为a sincere conversation，应用“名词＋of＋which”结构。]
3．(2017·南通、泰州高三一模)We are creating a new vision for public
health________ all of society work together to get healthier and live longer. A．which B．whom C．where D．when
C [句意：我们正在为公共健康创建一个美好的愿景，在这样的愿景中，社会中的每个人为了变得更健康、更长寿而一起努力。句中含有一个定语