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Section Ⅲ Grammar—动词-ing形式的完成式作状语及动

词-ing形式与不定式作宾语

[语法初识]

原句感知 ①Having lost all my friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school. ②Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it. ③This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy about the theft ... ④The girls stopped talking when the teacher came into the room. ⑤Walking along the road, the girls stopped to look in a shop window. ⑥Do you remember going to school 自主探究 1.前三个例句中动词-ing 形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 2．例句④中stop doing sth.表示停止正在做的事情；例句⑤中stop to do sth.表示停下来去做某事。 3．例句⑥中remember doing sth.表示记住做过某事；例句⑦中remember to do sth.表示记着去做某事。 for the first time? ⑦Remember to give me a ring when you get home. [语法剖析]

语法点一 动词-ing形式的完成式作状语 1．动词-ing形式的完成式作状语基本用法 (1)基本形式：having＋过去分词 否定形式：not having＋过去分词 完成式的被动式：having been＋过去分词

(2)成分：动词-ing形式的完成式在句中可作状语，常表示时间、原因等。

(3)功能：所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，如果该动作与句子的主语之间是主谓关系，则用主动形式having done；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式having been done。 Having lived in the city for three years, she knows it well.

在这个城市生活了三年，她对这里已经很熟悉了。 Not having finished the homework, the pupil doesn’t dare to go to school.

由于还没有完成作业，这个学生不敢去上学。

Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making

preparations tomorrow.

已经被邀请发表讲话，我明天将开始做些准备。 2．动词-ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别 (1)动词-ing形式的一般式，作状语时与句子主语之间为主动关系，所表示的动作与句子谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。

Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan’an.

当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。 Working hard, you will pass the entrance exam. 如果你努力学习，你就会通过入学考试。

(2)动词-ing形式的完成式，作状语时与句子主语为主动或被动关系，所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，常表示时间或原因等。

Having got our tickets, we drove to the airport to board the plane.

买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。 集中演练1 1－1.单句语法填空

①Having_analysed (analyse) the data, the scientists concluded that the disease was caused by the polluted water.