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the classroom and don’t respect professors.

(2)apply a set of characteristics to a whole group of people.

E.g. You may hear someone say that American eat hotdogs and wear cowboy boots.

(3)give the same treatment to each member of the group. E.g. You are a Chinese, you must be smart.

He is a Jew, he must have high intelligence and make money. Americans are outgoing and friendly.Americans have superficial relationship.Americans are disrespectful of age and status. Stereotypes vary along four dimensions (1)Direction

The direction of stereotypes:

positive/favorable — negative/unfavorable

E.g. Americans are honest, friendly, hardworking and ambitious. Americans are aggressive, lacking discipline, or don’t care about old people. (2)Intensity

Indicates the strength of a belief about a group of people. E.g. African Americans are very musical.

(3)Accuracy

Stereotypes are not always false, although they are exaggerated and

overgeneralized.

E.g. some of stereotypes may be half-truths, and others may be partially inaccurate.

Americans are rich. (4)Content

Stereotypes vary in specific content

In the specific traits attributed to a group of people.

E.g. Some African Americans may view white Americans according to a range of traits: aggressive, biased, cold, or evasion. Prejudice

Negative attitudes directed toward groups (racial, religious, different beliefs) which is a result of highly personal and unreasoned generalizations.

Five common forms of prejudice:(1)Verbal abuse, (2)Physical avoidance, (3)Discrimination, (4)Physical attack (5)Massacre Discrimination

It refers to the denial of equal opportunities to outgroup members. E.g.1.“Dogs and the Chinese cannot enter”posted by British at the front gate of the Chinese peak in the colonial area. Ethnocentrism 民族中心主义

Negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture.

Culture Shock

Troublesome feelings such as depression, loneliness, confusion, inadequacy, hostility, frustration, and tension, caused by the loss of familiar cues from the home culture.