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高考英语总复习------定语从句 知识强化与考题解析
一.概述
She is the girl who likes singing. 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。
↓ ↓ ↘
先行词 引导词 定语从句
定语从句:在句中作定语,修饰主句中的一个名词或代词,通常出现在先行词之后,由引导词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。只作整个句子的一个成份,起修饰和说明的作用。 关系代词:在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 关系副词:在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语
结构: 主句的先行词 + 引导词(关系代词或关系副词)引导的定语从句 ↓ ↓
被定语从句修饰的n./pron. 3个作用:①连接引导定语从句;②代替先行词;③在从句中充当某一成分
who(主语) whom(宾语) 定语从句的引导词 指人 that(主语、宾语) ★whose= of whom(定语) 指物 that(主语、宾语) which(主语、宾语) 关系代词 第 1 页 共 21 页
★whose= of which(定语) ★which/ as引导非限定性定语从句 关系副词 =介词+关系代词 (介词看先行词)
二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as的基本用法 1. who:在从句中作主语,只可指人
①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。(作主语)
2. whom:who的宾格,在从句中作宾语,只可指人
①Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁? ②The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。
3. whose:属格,在从句中作定语,可指人或物。
①Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁?
原因状语why= for which which 地点状语where= in/ at/ on which 时间状语when= during/ on/ in/ at 第 2 页 共 21 页
②I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。
③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
【★】指人/物时,常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom
或
whom+the+n.
①她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。
She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class. the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class. of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class. ②你看到窗户破了的房子吗?
Do you notice the house whose window is broken? the window of which is broken?
4. that:作主语、★宾语(可省略),可指人或物
①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) ②China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(that作主语)
③The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语可省略)
第 3 页 共 21 页
of which+the+n./ of
of which the window is broken?