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一、时态和语态 1. 如何解答时态问题 例1：You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You __A____ just last week. A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed 例2：Anne asked Tom ___B___ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking

★过去完成进行时 (had been doing) ★ 将来完成进行时(will have been doing ) 例7：By the time you arrive this evening, __D_____for two hours. he left 考试重点： 2. 与完成时有关的时态

★现在完成时 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now 例1：Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A B C D

例2：English ___A___ in a new way at my college in the past few years. A. has been taught B. was being taught C. has been taught D. had been taught. ★过去完成时 (had done) 例3：Anne asked Tom __B____ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left *例4：The chemistry class__A*___ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on B. had begun C. has been on D. would began

★将来完成时 (will have done) by 例5：We’re late I expect the film_C____ by the time we get to the cinema. A. had already started B. have already C. will already have started D. have already been started.

★现在完成进行时 (have been doing) 例6：It seems oil _____D______ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to

A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying. 3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态 ▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时 散发出 例1：When the mixture____C_, it will give off a powerful force. 力 A. will heat 混合物 B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated 例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you __D____. A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come ▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时

例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he___B____ military service. 医学、药物 军事 A. will finish B. has finished C. finish D. would finish 注意：

例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she__D____ them. 展出 适合 A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. has tried 4. 考试小窍门

◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项，要重点加以研读，一般说来是正确答案。 二、情态动词

1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义 can’t may not mustn’t need’t

2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法

★must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定”

+do 对现在情况的推测 must +have done 对过去情况的推测 角落 例1：I ___C____ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night. A. might fall B. must fall C. must have fallen D. can have 态动词加完成时是正确答案。 × Must do √ Must have done 三、虚拟语气 赵文通 考试重点： 1. 条件句中的虚拟语气 例１：I would ask George to lend us the money if I __C__ him. fallen

★ can’t/could’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能”

+do 对现在情况的推测 can’t/couldn’t +have done 对过去情况的推测

★ may/might not表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许…” +do 对现在情况的推测 may/might +have done 对过去情况的推测

3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法 needn’t have done should have done should not have done ought to have done could have done 4. 考试小窍门

在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下，一般说来情 A. had known B. have known C. knew D. would know 例２：If a better material ___A___, the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using

条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：

如果条件句中有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。 例3：__D___ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. A. If he took B. if he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken

含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用 三级考试中经常出现的三个句型： But for/without…，…… ……, otherwise/or… ……, but/though…. *例４：But for your help, I __D___ the work in time. A. did not finish B. could not finish A. will not finish D. would not have finished 例５：Without electricity, human life _D____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 例６：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he__B___ to the meeting.

A. would have come B. would come C. could come D. had come 例７：We would have made a lot of money, but we B halfway A. gave up B. had given up C.would give up D. were to give 例１：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by. 例２：It is important for you to work hard. 例３：It is kind of you to help me.

不定式的时态和语态 例４：The magnificent museum is said __B___ about a hundred years ago. up 错综时间条件句 例８：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.

2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用

1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如: 例１：I suggested that we should go there on foot. 注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: 例２：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money

2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中 例３：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如: 例４：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening

3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气 4. if only 引导的感叹句中

5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中

6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式 7. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式

四、非谓语动词 1. 不定式

不定式的逻辑主语 荒凉的 A. to be built B. to have been built C. to have built D. to have being built 使用不带to的不定式 1)why not do表示委婉的建议 例１：Why not_A____Professor Li for help He is kind-hearted and willing to help. A. ask B. you ask C. to ask D. your asking

2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。

例２：The teacher has the students ___D__ a composition every other week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 例３：While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_C____ A. broke B. break C. broken D. breaking

例４：There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself__D___ A. hearing B. being told C. to hear D. heard 观察、研究

3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。 例５：With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_B____ to a hospital. A. send B. to be sent C. being sent D. sending 4)do something but/except do 例６：There is nothing we can do A_____ wait. 尽管、虽然