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练习 1

I、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中有些冠词的特殊位置：

1. In this case the current（电流）exists for only half the cycle（周期）. 2. In such a case there is no current flowing in the circuit（电路）.

3. Sensitivity（灵敏度）is a measure of how small a signal（信号）a receiver（接收机）can pick up and amplify（放大）to a level useful for communications. 4. ε may be as small a positive constant as you please. 5. Even so fundamental a dimension（量纲）as time was measured extremely crudely with sand and water clocks hundreds of years ago.

6. Nonlinear distortion（非线性失真）can be caused by too large an input signal. 7. The method used is quite an effective one.

8. A series（级数）solution of this kind of problem allows as close a calculation of the error as needed.

II、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中“and”和“or”的确切含义： 1. Air has weight and occupies space.

2. In this way less collector dissipation（集电极功耗）results, and the efficiency increases. 3. We can go one step farther and take into account the nonzero slope of the actual curves. 4. Try hard, and you will work the nut（螺母）loose.

5. The first step in analyzing a physical situation is to select those aspects of it which are essential and disregard the others.

6. This satellite was used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.

7. Some physical quantities require only a magnitude and a unit to be completely specified. Thus it is sufficient to say that the mass of a man is 85 kg, that the area of a farm is 160 acres, that the frequency of a sound wave is 660 cycles/sec, and that a light bulb consumes electric energy at the rate of 100 watts.

8. Geothermal energy, or energy from within the earth, can be used to generate electricity. 9.The current in a capacitor（电容器）leads（导前）the voltage by 90o, or, the voltage lags the current by 90o.

10. The message is a logical unit of user data, control data, or both. III、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中分数和倍数的正确译法：

1. By varying VBE only a few hundredths of a volt, the base current（基极电流）can be changed significantly.

2. The standard meter is accurate to about two parts in one billion.

3. Cromatographic（层析的）techniques have been developed to detect air pollutants at concentrations（浓度）of one part per million or less.

4. The volume coefficient（体膨胀系数）of a solid is almost exactly three times its linear coefficient.

5. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.

6. The wavelength of this musical note（音符）is 7.8 ft, over three times longer than the wavelength of the same note in air (2.5 ft).

7. This causes the collector current（集电极电流）to change by a factor of approximately β.

8. This factor（因子）is now equal to 9, a reduction by a factor of 11. IV、将下列句子译成英语： 1、火箭是由金属制成的。

2、电池是能提供（give）恒定电压（constant voltage）的一种器件（device）。 3、这是一台多好的计算机啊！ 4、在计算机中，趋势（tendency）是以尽可能高的时钟速率（clock rate）运作（operate）。 5、必须使物体运动，要不然就没有做功（work）。 6、这条铁路比那条长五倍。

7、普通的窗户经受（withstand）不了如此（so）大的力。 8、这个值（value）是原来的1/3。

9、这是一个太复杂的问题以至于我们在此不加讨论（go into）。 10、解这个题要花费计算机半个小时（的时间）。 V、改正下列句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语： 1. A 80-lb force must be used here.

2. This is a too large a signal.

3. Digital transmission（数字式传输）does not need to have as a high S/N ratio（信噪比）as analog（模拟）transmission.

4. To understand physics, good knowledge of mathematics is necessary.

5. This is a so sensitive instrument that it can measure slight change in pressure.

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I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明句中划有横线的介词短语的语法功能：

1. One of the most valuable ways of representing functions is by graphical representation（图示法）.

2. A number of conditions are classified as “occupational diseases（职业病）.” 3. Engineers may find the book of great value.

4. If you let your pencil drop to the floor, you can see gravity in action. 5. In this case the failure point（失效点）corresponds to a factor of safety of 1. 6. The topic of trouble-shooting（故障检修）will be discussed in Chapter 9.

7. Typical noise margins（噪声裕度）are usually better than the guaranteed value by about 75 mV. 8. Upon the application of an external force, we can cause the body to move. 9. We measure resistance（电阻）in ohms.

10. Direct current（直流电）flows only in one direction. 11. We can use this device to measure a slight change in pressure. 12. The history of two-way radfio communications in some ways parallels the development of commercial radio broadcasting.

II、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明划有横线的动词的类别：

1. When an electric current flows through a wire, the wire will get hot. 2. That statement（陈述）sounds natural. 3. The water in the middle pipe will stand lower and thus indicates a lower pressure.

练习 2

4. It takes a body（物体）precisely as long to fall from a height h as it does to rise that high. 5. We cannot exaggerate the danger of attempting a short circuit directly across a voltage source.

III、将下列句子译成汉语，并注意划有横线的副词或副词短语的语法功能： 1. At this time the pulse（脉冲）is over.

2. The two equations below are of great importance.

3. In general, we can say, for any body anywhere, weight = mass×acceleration（加速度）due to gravity（重力）.

4. The temperatures on Jupiter（木星）and the planets beyond are extremely low. 5. The problem now is to determine the resultant（合力）of these forces.

6. With great telescopes astronomers can see stars and other things very far away. 7. The force between two charges（电荷）of 1 coul（库仑）each a distance of 1 m apart is 9×109 N（牛顿）.

8. It all begin with the development 30 years ago of the transistor（晶体管）. IV、将下列句子译成英语：

1、我们非常容易地获得了这个结果。（要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示） 2、常用的仪器有许多。（要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示） 3、人们用牛顿（newton）为单位来度量各种力。（要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示） 4、重力（gravity）这一概念将在下一节介绍。

5、在这新的三章中，第一章介绍核能（nuclear energy）。 6、这两个值相差5。

7、这种新设备与那些旧设备相比有许多优点。

8、我们需要解这些方程把那些未知数（unknown）求出来。

9、在日常生活中，力似乎是仅仅靠“直接接触”来传递（transmit）的。 10、这个结果看起来是正确的。 11、这一点无论怎样强调也不过分。 12、它们相隔的距离是很小的。

V、改正以下句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语： 1. Current is measured with amperes.

2. In this case the wheel will rotate for 360o.

3. Compared with that algorithm, the algorithm presented in this paper（论文）has two advantages.

4. These are the sufficient and necessary conditions to the equation above. 5. These parameters must maintain constant during transformation（变换）. 6. There seems to be three forces acting on the body.

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练习 3

I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的形容词或形容词短语的语法功能：

1. The energy contained in the pulse（脉冲）is this efficiency times the maximum attainable. 2. This measure is the key for the extremely low dc power（直流功率）achievable. 3. Everything electronic will be done digitally.