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一.英文原文

Summary of single-chip applications

Abstract:Architecture has been the rapid development,has been able to integrate a complete powerful performance computer applications.However,the application of many single-chip unit remains in the chip without the use of low-grade single-chip ROM,such as the sate,both in system design,the use of maintenance,the economic benefits of this are uneconomical.This situation must change.This article on the status of the development of single-chip synthesis,hoping to improve the domestic level of singlechip technology has been promoting.

Keyword:single-chipapplications,development

history,characteristics,development

trend

0.MCU development history

The single-Chip computer called the Single Chip Microcomputer Chip(your),it is composed of the Microcomputer functional parts,such as the central processor,the CPU,random access memory read-only memory ROM,RAM,I/O interface circuit and timing/counter and serial communication interface components in a production of integrated chips,constitute a complete micro computer.

With the development of technology,now has many kinds of SCM For example: adopt double CPU structure in order to improve the ability to handle R65C29,The date bus increased width-78,internal PD using 16-bit data bus,using linestructure of SM-689,serial bus SCC84C4 structure,floating-point calculations are very strong ability of digital signal processor,Other special processing capacity of SCM. 1.The characteristics of single-chip

Since single-chip paths with the microprocessor is different.Toward high-speed microprocessor computing,data analysis and processing power,storage capacity,such as large-scale development to improve the performance of general-purpose computer.It’s interface is to meet the peripherals and network interface design.Single-chip industrial monitoring and control from the object,the environment,interface characteristics,and strive to enhance control and improve the reliability of industrial environment,the composition of the application of flexible computer system interface direction.Therefore,the single-chip has its own characteristics,mainly:

Species diversity,model range.species models to expand year by year to meet the needs.system developers have great freedom of choice.CPU from 4,8,16,32to64,some also using RISC technology;

Improve performance and expand capacity.integration has reached more than 2million transistors.Bus speed has reached tens of microseconds.RAM memory capacity development to 1k,2k,ROM developed to 32k,64k;

Increased control functions,an extension to the external interface.The origin of the external chip functionality into chip.Today’s single-chip has been developed in a piece of the chip contains a CPU,with the exception of embedded RAM,ROM memory and I/Ointerface,there areA/D,PWM,UART,Timer/Counter,DMA,Watchdog,serial

port,sensor,driver,also display driver,keyboard control,function generator,which form a complete powerful computer application systems;

Low power consumption.supply voltage from 5V down to 3V,2V or 1V or so.MA current level from the level down to 0.0000001A.in the production process to the CMOS instead of NMOS,and the transition HCMOS;

Application software package.Provides a software library,including the standard application software,the model design.Single chip enables users to develop applications more quickly and easily.Might be able to do so with a week to develop a new application products;

System expansion and configuration.External circuit are used for expansion bus architecture of the three DB,AB,CB,constituted to facilitate a variety of applications.Network system based on single-chip, multi-machine power system expertise to develop the characteristics of single-chip serial bus.In addition,equipped with special sensors,human-computer dialogue,such as multi-channel network interface to form networks and multi-machine system. 2.The development trend of the MCU

To reduce power consumption,SCM in process has all CHMOS adopted.At present,we are in high quality and variety and variety in the direction of development,and development trend of the chip will further toward low-power,small volume,large capacity,high performance,low price and mixed-signal integration,etc.

Below is the main trend of several single-chip:

Low power management in almost all the microcontroller have standby power,low power operation modes etc.CMOS chip expect with low consumption,but also has the characteristics of

Power control,make SCM can work fine management in power. In addition,some SCM by the clock technology,namely high and low two clock.The low power to improve the product’s reliability and anti-interference.

The wider the working voltage range at present,general MCU voltage range is 3.3-5.5V,some products to 2.26V,minority type-the lowest voltage has dropped 1.8V.Wider range for a long time in the province electricity chip mode,also facilitate portable products.

High-performance mainly refers to the further improvement of CPUperformance,accelerate the speed of operation instructions,and strengthen the processing function,and the timing control function.

Mixed information integration,mixed information combination of digital-analog integrated technology,is the development direction of the increased internal resources. Serial extension techniques in a very long period of time,the universal microcontroller through parallel 3bus structure expand peripheral devices become the mainstream of SCM.AsI2C,SPI serial 3 bus interface and etc,promote the microcontroller ”single” application development,structure of single-chip foot can design more saving,make

SCM system simplified and standardization.

Small size,low price to meet the requirements of the embedded microcontroller,can reduce it by the internal resources and change to realize the encapsulation,such as reducing memory,reduce the external pins etc,make it smaller,low price.

Based on the ISP and CaXie fast development environment ISP memory and development,promote the development of the ISP technology.Its function is to put on PC Numbers program through JTAG defined interfaces with the three online download SPI interface,namely direct transmission and burn to the memory chip.The method is to use programmer cheaper and convenient.

Victor P.Nelson,DigitalLogical Circuits Analysis&Design,Prentice Hall.

Steven F.Barrett,Daniel J.Pack.Embedded System.

二.整篇翻译

单片机应用综述

摘要：单芯片集成，功能，性能，架构一直在快速发展，现已经能够集成完整强大的单片机。然而，例如在单元结构这一方面，许多单芯片单元的应用仍保留在芯片中而不使用低级单芯片ROM，在系统设计和使用维护方面经济效益不高，这种情况必须得到改变。这篇文章综合介绍了单片机的发展现状，希望对国内单片机技术水平的提高有所帮助。

关键词：单片机，发展历史，特点，发展趋势

0.单片机发展历史

单片机又称为单片微机芯片，它由以下微机功能部件组成：中央处理器CPU，随机存取存储器ROM，只读存储器RAM ，I / O接口电路，时序 /计数器和串行通信接口组件等，这些部件集成在芯片中，构成一个完整的微型计算机。

随着技术的发展，现在已经出现很多型号的单片机。例如：采用双CPU结构以提高处理能力的R65C29；增加数据总线宽度的PD-7800；采用16位数据总线；采用流水线结构的SM-812;串行总线结构的SCC84C4；浮点运算能力非常强的数字信号处理器；其他专项处理能力的单片机等。 1.单片机的特点

单片机与微处理器的路径是不同的。高速微处理器计算、数据分析、处理能力，存储容量等大规模开发来提高通用计算机的性能，它的接口满足外设和网络接口设计要求。单片机企业力求从从对象，环境，接口特性，工业环境等方面提高单片机的可靠性。因此，单片机有自己的特点，主要有：

为了满足市场需求，种类多样性、CPU位数逐年提高。系统开发人员在CPU方面有很多的选择，从4位,8位,16位,32位到64位，以及RISC技术；

性能和扩展容量的提高。集成达到了200多万个晶体管，速度已经达到几十微秒，RAM内存容量发展到2K，ROM发展到64K；

控制功能的增强，外部接口扩展的多样化。如今单片机已经在一块芯片上开发了包含CPU，嵌入式RAM，ROM存储器，I / O接口，A / D、D/A转化器，PWM