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if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
一、 if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。 只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气; 假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
“后退一步后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事按虚拟语气的1. 法” 实相反后, 后退
一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一
步”。也就是:
与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表
① 示。
与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表
② 示。
主句中则用情态动词与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形
would, ③ 式表示。
should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例: ⑴、 If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
⑵、 If I were a teacher , I would be strict with my students. ⑶、 If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 2 、注意事
项:
were,
① if 条件句中
should, had 如有 ②在现代英语中 二、虚拟语气在
,可以省去
条件状与从句中的谓语动词if 如果是
if 引导的条件句中的用法:
if ,并使用倒装语
序。
b
其过去形式一e 般用 were 。
if
主语 + 动词的过去(be (一)、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构
+ 式 用 为:从句:
,主句: 主语 + would (should, could ,
were) +,, might) + 动词原形 + ,, 例: 1. If it weren’ t for your help, we would get 如果没有你们的帮助,我
into trouble. 们
就会陷入困境。 (而事实上得到了你们的帮
助)
2.If the weather were fine, I
如果天气好,我去(事实天气不would go there. 那儿。 好) 3.If I were you, I would
如果我是你的话,我再读(事实上我不是read it again. 一遍。 你) 4.If time permitted, I would
如果时间允许的话,我再写(事实上
write it again. 一遍。 时
间不允许)
’ t snowing, we ’ t stay in the 要是现在不下雪的话,我
5.If it weren wouldn house. 们 就不会待在屋里。 (事实上现
在下雪)
6.What would I do if I were in your place? 要是我处于你地位我会怎么办?(事实上我
--
--
不在你的位置
上)
7.If he hurried, he could catch
他要是快点能够赶上头班公共
the first bus. 汽车。 (可是
他不着急)
8. If I were you, I should wer
,主句用动词原形 从句用过去式动
buy it. ( 词 e buy) 9. If I had time, I would study
如果有时间,我会学习法) (从句用过去French. ( 式动 文。
stud
词 had ,主句用动词
y 原形 )
10. If she knew English, she would not ask
如果她懂英文,她就不必
me for help. ( 要我 帮了。 )( 从句用过去主句用动词原注意: 如果动作在进主句要
knew, 形 ask) 行中, 式动词 用:
\\主语 + would
be + 进行式动词 + ,, be speaking to
them now. were
从句用过去式动
( , 主句用 would be speaking) 词
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(二)、表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为:从句: 成式动词 主句:主语 + would (should, could, + ,, might) + have +
词 + ,, 例如 :
⑴、 If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.
了我的劝告 , 就不会犯这样的错误。 (事实上你没有听我的劝告)
主语 + had + 过If + 去完
过去完成式 动
among
the 如果你听
⑵、 I shouldn ’ t have been able to write such good hadn’t novels if I lived peasants for five
如果我不是和农民生活了五年,就不可能写出这years. 样好的小说。 (事实 上我和农民生活了五
年)
⑶、 If you ’ t invited me, I ’ t have come to hadn shouldn the party. 如果你不邀请我, 我就不会来参加你的舞( 事实上你邀请
) 了我 会。
⑷、 If I ’ t been ill yesterday, I might have come 昨天要是不生病,
hadn to school. 我
是可能来上学的。 (事实上我生病了)
⑸、 If he hadn ’ t broken the law, he wouldn ’ t have been put in prison. 如果他不违法的话,就不会被打入监狱。 (事实上他违法了) ⑹、 If I had been your headmaster , I should have dismissed you from school. 我要
是你们校长的话,就把你开除学籍了。 (事实上我不是) 注意:如果动作在进行中,主句要\主语 + would +
have + 用:
⑺、 If they had been here, he would have been
speaking to them.(
been, 主句动词用 have been
speaking)
完成进行式动
+ ,, 词
从句动词用 had
(三)、表示与将来事实相反的虚( 对将来的事实实现的可能性不大) 。其句子结构为: 拟条件句
从句: If 主语 + should 主句:主语 + would + ( 或 were) + 动词原形 + ,, (could,
例should, might) + 动词原形 + ,, 如: ⑴、 I f I were to work at this problem, I would do it 要是我来解这道 in another way. 难
题,我会用另外一种方 法的。
⑵、 I f you were to do such a thing again, you 如果你再做这样 would be punished. 的
事情,就会受到惩罚。
, I could make much
⑶、 I f I should work 假如我更努力学习的
more progress. harder 话,
我会取得更大的进步。 ( 事实上我不可能努
力学习 )
⑷、 I f it should rain tomorrow, I would stay 如果明天下雨的话,我将待在家at home. 里。
(根据天气情况,明天不可能
下雨)
⑸、 I f he should come, I could ask him for 万一他来了,我就能够向
some advice. 他请
教。(事实上他来的可能性很
小)
⑹、 I f he came tomorrow, I would 如果明天他来的话,我将和他一
do it with him. 起做此
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