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Unit 3

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2. Read the text for the better comprehension and answer the questions. 1) Here it means in the countryside.

2) It is difficult to tell the difference between the root crops you buy from stores and those you grow yourself in your garden. Note:

(1) root crops: What are grown so that the roots can be used for food, such as carrots.

(2) tell apart: Recognize the difference between two people or things that are very similar. (3) when store bought: when they are bought in stores

3) having a particular effect or influence 在起作用 It refers to the back-breaking labor human beings pretend to do in a game. (Does he not refer to pretence as back-breaking? Maybe as when a very sick person pretends to be well to save someone worry?)

4) It means that he thought about it very calmly and carefully before he made this decision never to plant it again. He was exaggerating of course.

5） waft through: float through the air in a gentle way, said of smell or noise 6） It means “seriously intend to do what you say you will do.

7） The worms were slowing coming out of the melting soil and they were delicious food for the birds of course. (And he was thinking it was delicious too, because it meant the end of winter and he could begin to garden.) 8） a piece of land for a particular purpose

“Conflict” here refers to the struggle in his mind. (No. I think it is the sense of conflict with the earth required to make a garden that he likes?)

9） Sparingly: in small quantities 节约地。少量地

Broadcast: sow seeds over a wide area, especially by hand

10） “neurotic” means “ extremely worried about something unimportant in a way that seems unreasonable to other people. The author is using this in a self-mocking tone.

11)Also, your natural tendency to act as a kind and caring father or mother begins to have an effect.

12) as it were: used for making a description sound less definite or less exact (well, used to make a comparison – gardener as parent? A kind of personification of the growing things) 可以说；在某种程度上可以说 turn upon you: Here, “turn upon/on sb” means “attack sb suddenly and without warning” 13) occupation: a job or employment, but here: a way of spending your time; a pastime

14) Here, a pointed piece of wood or metal etc for driving into the ground as a mark or for holding a rope etc 15) slight differences in degree of green

16) pocket: a small area different from the areas around it personal reassurance: sth that makes a person feel less worried thrusting life: life that is moving forward quickly and powerfully

17) an extension of oneself: the further growth or development of a person

Paraphrase: Gardening has to be another place where people continue to work hard to achieve something. 18) character: the qualities that make up a person’s personality

character-building: helping to develop one’s character 性格锻炼；品德培养。 The author is now openly expressing the belief that gardening is an extremely important occupation, something human beings have been doing since Adam and Eve’s time. The final sentence is ironical and humorous, referring to how they disobeyed God and was driven out of the Garden.

1. 累人的/繁重的 2. 耗费时间的

3. 炼性格/培养人品 4. 立法 5. 救火 6. 找工作/求职 7. 保护脸面的 8. 维和 9. 捣乱分子 10. 止疼药 11. 摘棉工人 12. 筹集资金的人 13. 算命先生 14. 管家 15. 银行老板 16. 自欺欺人 17. 自尊 18. 自信 19. 自制力 20. 自我牺牲 21. 自己的利益； 22. 自我保护/自卫 23. 自律

24. 店里买的 25. 手写的 26. 自家做的 27. 敌人占领的 28. 铺满白雪的

29. 四周为陆地包围的 30. 空降的 31. 包着糖衣的 32. 镀金的

2) 1. enrollment 2. maintenance 3. exposure 4. entrance; 5. assumption 6. average

7. consumption 8. involvement

9. success/succession 10. revival 11. implication 12. reception 13. deception

14. conception/concept 15. perception 16. graduation 17. penetration 18. cultivation 19. generation 20. appreciation 21. congratulation 22. celebration 23. frustration 3) 1. pursue 2. continue 3. compensate 4. exist

5. encourage 6. occupy 7. accomplish 8. conflict 9. compose 10. spare 11. reassure 12. extend 13. conceive 2. Synonyms

1. determine/decide 2. smell/odor

3.stop/end/quit/discontinue 4. ray 5. destroy

6.job/work/trade/profession/career/pursuit

7huge/immense/enormous/great8. choke 9. damp 10.reward/pay/payment/gain 11. shine/glitter 12. shine/glitter 13. view/sight

14. reawaken/bring back to life 1. unnoticeable 2. unromantic 3. unload

4. unwillingness

5.useful/meaningful/sensible/advisable 6. maternal 7. immoral 8. consumer 9. quality 10. tolerable 11. dishonesty

3. 1.为这行动找个理由 2.为走这一步找个理由 3. 为自己找个理由 4. 当真；不开玩笑 5. 提高/改善质量 6. 提高生活水平 7. 改良土壤 8. 毁灭这个星球 9. 毁了健康 10. 葬送了机会 11. 毁了前途 12. 毁了庄稼

13. 勒死/绞死一个人 14. 使曀住；使窒息 15. 吊死；执行绞刑 16. 培育植物 17. 重新燃起希望 18. 重新振作精神 19. 重新激发起兴趣 20. 培养品德；锻炼性格 4. Rewrite the sentences, replacing the phrases in bold type with the appropriate expressions in their proper forms.

1) in massive numbers; regardless of; In some cases 2) depended on nothing but

3) tell apart ; cast aside 4) it would be the Boxers’ Rebellion all over again

5）at work; worm his way through

6) the different shades of meaning

7) come into play

8) goes for 5. Fill in the blanks with 4) into; after; to; 9) are well aware of the proper prepositions or over 5) but; upon vast quantities of; ruining; adverbs. 6) into; of; at means business 1) of 2) but 3)apart 7) apart; of; aside; for 6. Translate the following sentences into English.

1) Health care must be available to all citizens regardless of their differences. We cannot justify the policy that denies medical care to the large population living in the country. 2) They claim to have discovered a universal law which applies to all nations.

3) I often made a fool of myself when I was living with my uncle on his farm. When asked to get rid of the weed in the rice fields, for example, I often failed to tell apart the weed and the rice seedlings.

4) Why go there today? I’d much rather we stay until the snow ceases.

5) Rice requires large quantities of water and many scientists warn us that even if we use our water sparingly, the day will inevitably come when we will be fighting over limited supplies of water resources.

6) There has been quite a noticeable change in recent years. We no longer lean on export for economic growth. We now tend to put more emphasis on home consumption.

7) Today’s tendency is to give little kids too many tests and exams until they are no good for anything but taking exams.

8) It is pointless to force professors to publish a fixed number of papers annually regardless of their quality. Besides, this is a demand even Einstein would not have been able to meet. Grammar

1. Study the use of noun clauses introduced by wh- words. 1. Point out the function of each of the noun clauses.

A noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun. Noun clauses can be used: a) as (direct) object of verbs, as in 1), 2), 5), 7), 10);

b) after the link verb be as predictive (表语), as in 4), 6), 8), 9)

c) after an adjective such as (a person is) sure, certain, positive, (it is) amazing/ strange/funny, etc. as in 3)

d) as subject, as in:

What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. (para. 2, Unit 8, Book 1) e) after certain prepositions as object, as in They seldom give advance notice about which school they are going to inspect. Other wh-words that are used to introduce a noun clause: who, whom, whose

2. Rewrite each (pair) of the sentences using a noun clause introduced by a wh- word. 1) what has brought you to Paris 2) how much he loved him

3) when and why you started your own business and how you went about setting it up 4) why he survived and most of his fellow travelers haven’t 5) when we occasionally came in summer 6) why the whales beach themselves

7) How the pilot managed to bring the plane down safely

8) what steps the Ministry of Railways will take to prevent a similar accident. 9) disagreement on when it should be held.