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一、时态和语态

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1. 如何解答时态问题

例1：You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You ______ just last week.

A. missed

B. would miss

C. had missed

D. have missed 例2：Anne asked Tom ______ the key.

A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left

D. why did he left

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考试重点：

2. 与完成时有关的时态

★现在完成时 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now

例1：Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years.

A B C D

例2：English ______ in a new way at my college in the past few years.

A. has been taught

B. was being taught

C. has been taught D. had been taught. ★过去完成时 (had done)

例3：Anne asked Tom ______ the key.

A. when he left B. where he had left

C. how he left

D. why did he left

例4：The chemistry class_____ for five minutes when we hurried there.

A. had been on

B. had begun

C. has been on D. would began ★将来完成时 (will have done) by

例5：We’re late I expect the film_____ by the time we get to the cinema.

A. had already started

B. have already

C. will already have started

D. have already been started.

★现在完成进行时 (have been doing)

例6：It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking

★过去完成进行时 (had been doing)

★???? 将来完成进行时(will have been doing )

例7：By the time you arrive this evening, _______for two hours.

A. I will study

B. I will have been studied

C. I had studied

D. I will have been studying.

3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态

▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时

例1：When the mixture_____, it will give off a powerful force.

A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated 例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you ______.

A. will come

B. would come

C. shall come D. come

▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时

例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_______ military service.

A. will finish

B. has finished C. finish

D. would finish

注意：

例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she______ them.

A. tries

B. will try C. are trying

D. have tried

4. 考试小窍门

◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项，要重点加以研读，一般说来是正确答案。

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?二、情态动词 ?

1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义

can’t may not mustn’t

need’t

2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法

★must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定” +do 对现在情况的推测

must

+have done 对过去情况的推测

例1：I ________ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night. A. might fall B. must fall

C. must have fallen

D. can have fallen

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★ can’t/could’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能”

+do 对现在情况的推测

can’t/couldn’t

+have done 对过去情况的推测

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★ may/might not表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许…”

+do 对现在情况的推测

may/might

+have done 对过去情况的推测

3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法

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needn’t have done

should have done should not have done

ought to have done

could have done

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4. 考试小窍门

在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下，一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。

× Must do

√ Must have done

三、虚拟语气

赵文通 考试重点：

1. 条件句中的虚拟语气

例１：I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.

A. had known B. have known C. knew

D. would know

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例２：If a better material ______, the strength of the part would have been increased.

A. had been used B. had been using

C. being used

D. using

条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：

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? 如果条件句中有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。

例3：_____ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.

A. If he took

B. if he should take

C. Were he to take

D. Had he taken

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? 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用

三级考试中经常出现的三个句型：

But for/without…，……

……, otherwise/or…

……, but/though….

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例４：But for your help, I _____ the work in time.

A. did not finish A. will not finish

B. will be

B. could not finish D. would not have finished

D. would be

6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式 7. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式? ?

四、非谓语动词 1. 不定式

?不定式的逻辑主语

D. had come

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例１：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by. 例２：It is important for you to work hard. 例３：It is kind of you to help me.

例４：The magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago.

A. to be built C. to have built

B. to have been built

D. to have being built

例５：Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today. A. is

A. would have come B. would come C. could come

A. gave up

例７：We would have made a lot of money, but we halfway

C. would have been

例６：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_____ to the meeting.

B. had given up C.would give up D. were to give up

?不定式的时态和语态

? 错综时间条件句

例８：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.

2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用 词时,如: ?

? 1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动

例１：I suggested that we should go there on foot.

例２：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money

?使用不带to的不定式

1)why not do表示委婉的建议 ?

注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: 例１：Why not_____Professor Li for help? He is kind-hearted and willing to help.

A. ask

B. you ask

C. to ask

D. your asking

? 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中

2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。 例２：The teacher has the students _____ a composition every other week.

A. to write

B. break

C. broken

D. breaking

B. written

C. writing

D. write

例３：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight ? 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand,

例４：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening

proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:

例３：While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_____

A. broke

3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气 4. if only 引导的感叹句中 5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中

例４：There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself_____ 3