内容发布更新时间 : 2024/11/16 21:40:00星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

C. Visitors can rent local beach houses only in summer. D. Anyone without a driving license can't go into Ocean Shores.

C

You're rushing to work and a man ahead of you suddenly falls down. Do you stop to help? In a study of bystanders, it was found that some people look away or keep on walking rather than stop and get involved.

“There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed,” says Ervin Staub, a psychologist at the university of Massachusetts at Amherst, who studies the role of bystanders. “The first thoughts that come into your mind often keep you from offering help.”

Time and again, good and caring people fail to come to the aid of others. They know they should act and yet, for reasons they themselves don’t understand, people sometimes don’t respond. Longtime researchers of bystander behaviour continue to struggle with the question, “why”?

One thing we do know is that the more ambiguous a situation, the less likely people are to help. Let’s say you see vapors (水汽) coming out of a building. You ask yourself, “Is it steam or smoke?” If you are not sure, you look to other people for a clue about how to act. If you see other people are doing nothing, you think, “Of course, that’s just steam.” You don’t want it to be smoke, because then you would have to do something about it.

Another one is known as “the bystander effect”. The psychologist says that the more people there are observing an emergency, the less responsible each one of them personally feels. For example, if your are one of 100,000 people who would save the situation, you would be happier if one of other 99,999 people did it.

“If you notice trouble, force yourself to stop and judge the situation instead of walking on,” says Ervin Staub. Then try to involve other people; you don’t have to take on all the responsibility of being helpful. Sometimes it’s just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, “It looks like we should do something.” Once you take action, most people will follow you. 62. According to Ervin Staub, when accidents happen, people’s first thoughts ________. A. force them to give a hand B. prevents them from helping C. often lead to embarrassment D. depend on others’ reaction 63. What does the underlined word “ambiguous” in paragraph 4 mean? A. difficult B. dangerous C. unclear D. unpleasant

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64. The author uses the bystander effect to show that __________. A. many people have the same ideas B. more people carry more responsibility C. people usually think a lot before difficulties

D. people tend to behave in the same way as most other people do 65. What can be the best title for the text? A. Stick to your decision C. Think before you leap

B. Don’t just stand there D. It’s the thought that counts

D

It was New Year’s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his sad eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. When he cast them on the earth, where a few more hopeless people than himself now moved towards their certain goal- the tomb. He had already passed sixty and had brought from his journey nothing but errors and regrets. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant and his heart sorrowful.

The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two roads- one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and filled with soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flowed instead of water and devils and poisonous snake hissed (发嘶嘶声) and crawled (爬, 爬行).

He saw the lights flowing away in the darkness. These were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall from the sky and disappeared, and this was the symbol of himself. His regret like a sharp arrow struck deeply into his heart. Then he remembered his friends in his childhood. But they had made their way to success and were now honoured and happy on this night.

The high church clock struck and the sound made him remember his parents’ early love for him. They had taught him and prayed for his good. But he chose the wrong way. With shame and grief he dared no longer look towards that heaven. His darkened eyes were full of tears, and burst out a cry, “Come back, my early days!”

His youth did return, for all this was only a dream which he had on New Year Night. He was

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still young though his faults were real; he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was still free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunny land.

Those who still wander on the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble (绊脚) on the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain (徒劳), “Oh youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!” 66. What does “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to according to the passage? A. The aged man's eyes C. White lilies

B. The floating stars D. Hopeless people

67. Which of the following about the man is NOT true?

A. In the dream, he was one of the most hopeless people approaching death. B. His father once allowed him the freedom to choose the way of life. C. He remembered his loving parents and joyful friends in his dream. D. Though he did nothing wrong, the dream taught him a good lesson. 68. What’s the man’s feeling in his dream? A. sorrowful, fearful and regretful B. sorrowful, shameful and peaceful C. regretful, painful and angry D. disappointed, regretful and joyful

69. From the passage we can infer all the following BUT_________. A. what the man could see through the window reflect his depressed mood B. the clock in the church tower brought him back to his unhappy childhood C. the star he saw fall from the sky is a metaphor (隐喻) for the end of his life

D. the peaceful sunny place covered with flowers means a way of life with a bright future

70. Which of the following best shows the theme of this passage? A. It’s never too late for one to mend his ways. B. One false step can lead to a great error. C. It’s too late to regret when a bad choice is made D. Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst

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第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共35分）

第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

Children’s mindsets (心态) have important implications (暗示) for their motivation and performance in school. Children with a growth mindset believe that intelligence can be increased with effort and good learning strategies. As a result, they are motivated to work hard and persist (坚持) when things get challenging, They are not afraid of failure because they view it as an opportunity to learn, a necessary step towards success.

It’s a different story for children with a fixed mindset. These children believe that intelligence is fixed (i.e, we’re either born smart or we’re not). They believe that learning should be easy, and effort unnecessary, for those who are naturally smart. When children with a fixed mindset struggle to master something or experience failure they assume that they’re not smart and quickly give up.

Studies have shown that children with a growth mindset do better in school than those with a fixed mindset. For example, Lisa Blackwell and her colleagues found that 7th graders who believed that intelligence is malleable (可塑的) earned better grades in mathematics throughout junior high school than students who believed that intelligence is fixed. They also found that students who went through an intervention (干预) teaching malleable intelligence earned better grades than those in a control group. Many other studies show that mindsets can be changed, and a growth mindset is the key factor that determines whether children can make good grades at school or not.

Parents can have a huge impact on children’s mindsets. When children succeed, they may praise their intelligence or talent (“You’re so smart” or “You’re such a good gymnast”), but this type of praise leads to a fixed mindset. It sends the message that performance is due to ability (or lack of ability). Instead, they should praise children’s hard work, good learning strategies and perseverance (坚持不懈), etc.

More importantly, to develop a growth mindset in children, parents should have one themselves. When talking about others’ success, they should talk about the hard work and strategies needed to achieve success (“He must have trained for hours every single day”). Meanwhile, they should talk to children about the mistakes they’ve made and what they’ve learned from them, and then teach them that failure is nothing to be afraid of.

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