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Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty

A Famous Quote

Betraying a trust is a very quick and painful way to terminate a friendship. — —Ralph Waldo Emerson 背信弃义会使人迅速而痛苦地断送友谊。 ——拉尔夫·沃尔多·艾默生

Text A New words

reflection n.（关于某主题的）思考，回忆 loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 recognize v. 承认；意识到 betray v. 辜负；对……不忠 indeed adv. 其实；实际上

virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行 trend n. 趋势；趋向；动态；动向

befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待 request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求 trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的 multitude n. 众多；大量 mutual n. 共有的；共同的 term n. 词语；术语；措辞 site n. 网站；站点

acronym n. 首字母缩略词 perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭

thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆 gossip n. 流言蜚语

challenge v. 考查……的能力；考验……的技巧 akin a. 相似的；类似的 (=similar) deposit n. 存款 account n. 账户 interest n. 利息

well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐

welfare n. （个人或群体的）幸福，安全与健康 essence n. 本质；实质；精髓 seek v. 寻找

notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声 premise n. 前提；假定

exploit v. 利用（ ……为自己谋利） reconnect v. 再联系；再联络

virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的 assure v. 使确信；向……保证 caution n. 警告；告诫(cautious) lyric n. 歌词

undisputed adj. 不容置疑的；毫无疑问的；不可争辩的 generation n. （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人 Phrases and Expressions

stick by 坚持忠于；不离不弃（某人） through thick and thin 不畏艰难险阻

lead to 导致，造成（后果）(=result in, cause, end in) a multitude of 众多的；大量的

perish the thought 甭想了；但愿不会如此 engage in （使）从事，参加 in essence 本质上

assure…of… 使放心；向……保证 pay attention to 注意 warn…of… 警告某人某事 重点词汇

loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿

eg: We all have a loyalty to the company.我们对公司都有效忠的义务。 衍生

loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠贞的 用法：~to sb./sth.

eg: remain loyal to one's principles 信守自己的原则 befriend v. 做朋友；友善相待

eg: They befriended the young girl, providing her with food and shelter.

他们热心地照顾这个年轻的姑娘，给她吃的﹑给她住处。

构词 be- 改变词性的前缀

加在名词或形容词前，构成及物动词 friend n. 朋友 → befriend v.友好对待 calm n.镇静 → becalm v. 使镇静 head n. 头 → behead v. 砍头

little adj.小的 → belittle v. 轻视；贬低 notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声

eg: His crimes earned him considerable notoriety.他因犯罪而声名狼藉。 衍生

notorious adj.（derog.贬）臭名昭着的；声名狼藉的 用法：~for/as sth.

eg: a notorious criminal/area 天怒人怨的罪犯/地区

She's notorious for her wild behaviour.她因行为野蛮而知名。 相近词

fame n. 名声；名气

eg: The young musician rose quickly to fame.那个年轻的音乐家很快就出了名。 famous adj. d 出名的；著名的

eg: New York is famous for its skyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼驰名。 well-known adj. 著名的

eg: Paris is well-known for its rich culture.巴黎以其丰富的文化而著名。 exploit v. 利用（ ……为自己谋利）；

利用或开发（尤指矿藏和其他自然资源） eg: They exploited her generosity shamelessly.

他们无耻地利用了她的慷慨。

exploit oil reserves, water power, solar energy, etc.

开发石油资源、开发水利资源、利用太阳能等

衍生

exploitable adj. 可利用的；可开发的

eg: few exploitable coal-mines 少量可开采的煤矿 exploitation n. 利用；开发

eg: full exploitation of oil wells 充分利用油井资源 generation n. （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人

eg: experience handed down from generation to generation 世代相传的经验 其他词义 产生；发生

eg: the generation of electricity by steam or water-power 蒸汽或水力发电 衍生

generate v. 使（某物）存在或发生；产生

eg: generate heat, electricity, power, etc.产生热﹑电﹑动力等 hatred generated by racial prejudice 种族偏见引起的仇恨

Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty

How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend. 关于友情和忠诚的思考

我们之中有多少人能在朋友中识别出真正的忠诚? 忠诚包括无论何时都会支持你的朋友。一直对你坦诚、从不撒谎背叛你的朋友才是忠诚的朋友。如果你有一位忠诚的朋友，你一定在他身上发现了真正的美德。

The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters. It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.

如今网络上流行的趋势是你可以和任何一个想成为你朋友的人做朋友。然而，这种新的

趋势有可能会引发灾难。在网络上拥有一大批共同好友可能是比较流行，但是一个真正忠诚的朋友可能是你需要的唯一的那一个。

A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, \perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?\don't know\more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.

广受欢迎的脸谱网站上有一个词叫做B．F．F。这个缩写词的意思是“永远的最好的朋“友”。他们真的是你永远的最好的朋友吗?你可能会问自己：“他们会把我的私事发布在脸谱网页上与

他人分享吗? 甚至与他人一起八卦我的隐私吗? 但愿永远不会。” 如果答案是“我不知道”，那么很有可能，他们不是你永远的好朋友，甚至连一天也没可能是。

I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.

在这个科技和快速交谈发展的时代对可能会面临使用缩写语的你们来说，我更想要一个B．L．F．，忠诚的好朋友。

Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not, your deposits gain interest, an interest in your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend. In essence, water does seek its own level.

朋友间的忠诚就像是在银行账户里存款一样。通常你的存款会获得利息，关乎你幸福安康的利息。忠诚的朋友吸引另一个忠诚的朋友。本质上，水自然会向下流——朋友间总是惺惺相惜。

If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I'm sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.

如果你早在脸谱网赢得恶名之前就是个B．L．F．的话，我相信你一定明白忠诚的朋友

的前提。你不该利用自己的B．L．F．来结交更多的朋友或者让你自己看起来更加重要。这些不是忠诚的好朋友的特质。

A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.

忠诚的最好的朋友不会在意你宴会上都请了谁。他们会来参加你的宴会并向你表示祝贺，就像忠诚的最好的朋友应该做的那样。

Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you'd better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, \frown turned upside down, my friend.\Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.

在脸谱网上和忠诚的好朋友联络来得容易得多。然而，一个虚拟的朋友无法向你保证其

忠诚。我给你的告诫是，你最好注意那些脸谱网站上的笑脸们。在80年代我们就在歌谣中被告知“笑脸是反着的苦恼的脸，我的朋友”。这在我们这一代也是不争的事实。

链接：关于友谊的英语句子和诗歌

To preserve a friend，three things are required: to honor him present, praise him absent, and assist him in his necessities.

维持友谊需要三点：当面尊重他，背后赞扬他，需要时帮助他。 Friendship Is Like the Breeze by Terri Fanning

Friendship is like the breeze， You can't hold it， Smell it， Taste it，

Or know when it's coming，

But you can always feel it，

And you'll always know it's there， It may come and then go，

But you can know it'll always be back. 友谊如微风 特里·范宁

友谊如和煦的微风， 你握不住它， 闻不到它， 尝不到它，

无法知道它何时光临， 不过你总能感觉到它， 而且总能意识到它的存在， 它可能会来了而又走开， 但你知道它总会回来。

Exercises

I Check Your Comprehension

1. According to the passage, what is the new trend on the Internet? A）To make friends with anybody. B）To get reconnected with old friends. C）To search friends' private matters. D）To see loyal Net-friends. 【正确答案】A

【答案解析】本题考查的是文章中提到的互联网上的一个新趋势，我们从文 章第2段第一句可以得到答案，即目前互联网上有一个趋势，你可以与任何一个请求加你为朋友的人做朋友。因此A为正确答案。答案为A。 2. In the passage, loyalty in a friend is compared to_______ . A）interest gained from deposits B）making deposits in one's account C）a person's total welfare D）a best friend's well-being 【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题问的是文章中把朋友间的忠诚比喻成什么，本文第5段首 句给出了答案，即一个朋友的忠诚度与在银行账户里存款相类似。因此B选项正确。答案为B。

3. As a B.L.F, you cannot _________ . A）avoid gossiping about friends B）take advantage of friends C）invite others to your party D）seek loyalty in best friends 【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题是对B.L.F 的深入查考，解答本题需要归纳阅读文章第6、

7段，第6段第2句提到，You should never exploit your B.L.F to...，即你永远