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基于单片机的粉尘检测仪控制电路

摘 要

随着现代工业的发展，工业化水平的提高，人们的生活和工作有了很多便利。然而我们的环境污染越来越严重，尤其是空气质量日益下降。除废气、废水外，颗粒状粉尘、烟尘向大气排放所造成的污染已成为一个十分突出的问题。粉尘是空气质量的重要指标，粉尘的检测就愈重要。粉尘检测仪主要用于检测环境中的粉尘浓度，适用于工矿企业劳动部门生产现场粉尘浓度的测定、环境环保监测部门大气飘尘检测和污染源调查等。本课题以光散射原理为基础，围绕单片机为核心，完成检测仪数据采集、显示等电路的设计。开发完整的具有成本低、运行稳定可靠、开发周期短等优点的高性能控制系统，并熟练掌握单片机系统及其相关的软件调试工具的使用。 关键词：粉尘，光散射，空气采样，A/D转换，显示

II The Dust Detector Based on Single Chip Control Circuit

ABSTRACT

With modern industrial development, industrialization level, people's life and work have a lot of convenience. However, we more and more serious environmental pollution, especially air quality has declined. In addition to emissions, waste water, the particles of dust, smoke and dust emissions to the air pollution has become a very prominent issue. Dust is an important indicator of air quality, dust, the more important test. Dust detector is mainly used for detection of dust concentration in the environment, the labor department for industrial and mining production site determination of dust concentration, the environment department of environmental monitoring of airborne particulate pollution detection and investigation. The topics to light scattering theory, based around the MCU core, complete detector data acquisition and display circuit. Development of a complete low cost, stable and reliable operation, the advantages of short development cycle, high-performance control systems, and master microcontroller system and related software debugging tools.

KEY WORDS: dust, light scattering, air sampling, A / D converter, display

III

目 录

摘 要 .................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................ II 1 绪论 ................................................................... 1 1.1 前言 ............................................................. 1 1.2 选题背景及研究意义 ............................................... 1 1.2.1 选题背景 ................................................... 1 1.2.2 研究意义 ................................................... 1 1.3 国内外相关发展情况 ............................................... 2 1.3.1 粉尘测量方法 ............................................... 2 1.3.2粉尘检测仪的性能与优点 ...................................... 3 1.4 本文主要研究内容 ................................................... 3 1.4.1 硬件电路 ................................................... 3 1.4.2 系统联调 ................................................... 3 2 基于单片机的粉尘检测仪硬件设计 ......................................... 5 2.1 系统的功能和技术指标 ............................................. 5 2.1.1 系统功能功能 ............................................... 5 2.1.2 主要技术指标 ............................................... 5 2.2 粉尘检测原理 ..................................................... 5 2.3 系统硬件设计框图 ................................................. 6 2.4 软件程序流图 ..................................................... 7 2.5 工作原理 ......................................................... 7 3 粉尘测试仪硬件设计 ..................................................... 9 3.1单片机部分 ........................................................ 9 3.1.1 系统CPU 器件选择 ........................................... 9 3.1.2 单片机引脚分配及连接 ...................................... 12 3.2 信号采集电路 .................................................... 13 3.2.1 敏感元件 .................................................. 13 3.2.2 A/D转换电路 ............................................... 14 3.2.3 ADC0809的主要特性 ......................................... 14 3.2.4 ADC0809 芯片的引脚图及引脚功能 ............................ 15 3.2.5 ADC0809对输入模拟量要求及通道选择 ......................... 16 3.2.6ADC0809的应用说明 .......................................... 16