内容发布更新时间 : 2025/10/6 23:57:43星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

Words! Words! Words! 词呀!多义的词!

“It works.” These words may be the final judgment on a missile project or a plan to increase the efficiency of a labour group or could be the happy answer to the project that proved too complicated for father to assemble. They also may describe what goes on when the right mixture is put away in sealed bottles or jugs. Some earn their living at a boiler “works” and it is the “works” that make a watch tick. Most people work for a living, but what teenager hasn’t “worked” on his dad for the use of the car. And a boat will work its way through an ice field or an army through a swamp or heavy going.

The physicist has a precise meaning for the word “work”, but the metallurgist uses the word in relation to a wide variety of processes. Cogging of ingots, rolling of bars or sheets, forging of bars, blocks, or semi-finished parts, piercing of bars to form tubing, drawing of wire through dies or the drawing of sheet into cups, swaging, hammering, extruding, all are operations involving the “working” of metals and produce parts that are classed as “worked” metals. “Work” to the metallurgist is any operation that changes the shape of a metal part without changing its volume. A nail bent by a hammer is “worked” and the straightening that follows is further working. The making of an automobile fender, of a tube for toothpaste, or of an aluminum safety hat are common examples which involve severe working of metals. Of all parts made of metals, castings and sintered products are the only classes of final product which do not, at some stage or other in their manufacture, go through one or more operations which are classed as “working”.

行了（It Works）。这两个字可以对一项导弹工程或一项提高班组效率的计划作最终肯定，也可以用来对父辈未竟的极复杂的项目作满意的回答。这两个字也用来说明配比适当的混合物在投入密封的瓶罐后起反应。在些人在锅炉厂（works）挣钱糊口。正是手表的机件（works）使之发出嘀嘀嗒嗒的声音。大多数人为生活而工作（work）。为了要享用汽车，有哪一个青少年不去说服（work on）他的爸爸呢？ 轮船破冰而航（work），军队穿沼泽过险路而行（work）。

物理学家赋予“work”（功）一词以精确的含义。冶金学家用这个词来论及各种各样的加工过程。开坯，棒材或板材的轧制，棒材、毛坯或半成品的锻造，棒材穿轧成管，线材模拉，板材槽拉，型锻，锤锻与挤压等等，所有这些过程均属金属加工（working）， 而生产出来的产品称为金属加工件。冶金学家所说的加工（work），即改变金属形状、不改变体积的任何操作过程。锤子敲弯钉子受到了加工（worked），再把它弄直还是加工（working）。制造汽车缓冲板、 牙膏管或铝质安全帽等都是变形量大的金属加工的通例。在所有金属另件中，只有铸件和烧结产品属成品类。就其生产过程的某阶段来说，它们无须再经过一个或几个所谓的加工工序。