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学术英语 医学Academic English for Medicine

Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text A

Topics for presentation

1. Give a brief explanation of the two concepts: than the current generation of clinical trials which use a diagnosis framed primarily in biomedical terms

4. Do you think the author is overoptimistic in

complementary medicine and alternative medicine. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)

CAM: a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not

generally considered part of conventional medicine Complementary medicine : use of CAM together with conventional medicine

Alternative medicine: use of CAM in place of conventional medicine

2. To what extent do you agree with the authors opinion on traditional Chinese medicine being “affordable, low tech, safe and effective”? Facilities: simple, inexpensive Technology: needles, cups, coins

Most procedures and operations: noninvasive

The substances used as medicine: indeed all natural, from nature, raw herbs or abstracts from them

Effectiveness: proven and ensured with a long history The theories and practices: new light shed with

ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi

3. Summarize the clinical uses of acupuncture. An adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program for

post-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting post-operative dental pain

Addiction stroke rehabilitation headache menstrual cramps tennis elbow fibromyalgia myofascial pain osteoarthritis low back pain carpal tunnel syndrome and asthma

4 Do you think the author is overoptimistic in predicting a wider future use of acupuncture in the US?

? Research: TCM framework VS Biomedical

Modality

? Future clinical trials that test acupuncture within

the framework of traditional Chinese medicine are likely to provide a more appropriate and clinically meaningful assessment of acupuncture efficacy

predicting a wider future use of acupuncture in the US?

? Research: The right track to follow

? Unlike drugs, acupuncture is more akin to

surgery and physical therapy in terms of therapeutic modalities.

? For the time being, evidence based on large

case series should be considered in determining recommendations for clinical practice. ? Adoption / Use

? -Proven useful in additional areas

? -Used not only for treatment but also for

prevention and promotion of wellness ? -Exploration and perfection to be

continued

5. Explain how inappropriate uses of herbs may result in complications.

Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance -Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient

-Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas

Digression from either of the above conditions,

misuses of herbs, will result in complications in patient 6． Various approaches to herbal study are mentioned in the text. Pick one to discuss the advantages and limitations.

randomized controlled trials quasi-experiments cohort studies

case-control studies “N=1” trials

7. What are the difficulties in investigating herbal therapies?

Dependence of synthesis of evidence on -The completeness of the literature search (Unavailable for foreign studies) -The accuracy of evaluation

No answers to be found for the questions of interest

Requirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”

8.What are the factors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?

Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society

Research and education

Political, economic and social factors

Useful expressions

? ? Panel conservatively recommended that

acupuncture may be used as an adjunct treatment? (Para.3)

? The panel ascertained that acupuncture can be

used to treat ?(Para.3)

? It is also recommended as an adjunct treatment

or?(Para.3)

? When appropriately prepared and used, herbs

can be safe and effective. (Para.8)

? Clinical research methodologists should take the

theoretical construct and clinical approach of TCM into consideration when designing trials. (Para.9)

? Research designs such as randomized controlled

trials26 have advantages and disadvantages in determining the efficacy of any therapeutic

intervention, and can be carried out for botanicals, as seen by a study on herbal formulas for irritable bowel syndrome. (Para.9)

? It is essential that researchers and practitioners

be educated in both traditional and western medicines in order to perform research appropriately and treat patients effectively. (Para.10)

Difficult Sentences

? Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture,

herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM.

? 全世界有关针灸、草药、按摩和太极拳的持续研究

已阐明了中医的有些理论和实践。

? For the time being, evidence based on large case

series should be considered in determining

recommendations for clinical practice while evidence derived from more vigorous research designs is being carried out. (Para. 4)

? 尽管来自更有力研究设计的证据源源不断，目前，

在确定推荐何种临床操作时，应该考虑基于大规模病例系列研究所取得的证据。

? The synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on

the completeness of the literature search, which is often not available for foreign studies, as well as the accuracy of evaluation. (Para. 10)

? 综合证据除了取决于评估的准确性之外，则完全取

决于对文献进行彻底检索，而国外研究的相关文献通常无法获取。

? Consensus in the real world of health care often

requires using information that is less stringent than so-called hard data. (Para.10)

? 现实中，卫生保健界的共识是利用的信息与所谓的

硬指标比需要降低标准。

? On the clinical level, blending involves the integration

of the concepts and techniques of the two systems -- modern medicine’s analytical, quantitative, mechanistic approach with the systemic, holistic, individualistic approach of TCM. (Para. 12)

? 从临床的层面讲，融合就是把两个体系的概念和技

术相互结合，即把现代医学所采用的分析、定量及机械的方法和中医所用的系统、整体及个体化的方法相结合。

? As our graying society falls victim to an increasing

number of chronic illnesses? (Para. 12)

? 当我们的老龄化社会日益遭受慢性病侵扰之

时?? Text A

Language Building-up Vocabulary Test

? ___________medicine(补充医学) ? __________medicine (替代医学) ? a medical __________(医疗模式) ? __________and herbs(针灸和草药) ? __________treatment(辅助治疗)

? __________and vomiting(恶心，呕吐) ? __________dental pain (术后牙痛) ? __________trails(临床试验)

? __________therapy(物理疗法，理疗) ? __________modalities(治疗方法) ? a therapeutic________(治疗干预) complementary alternative paradigm acupuncture

adjunct nausea

post-operative clinical physical therapeutic intervention 幻灯片30

? research__________(研究设计) ? magnetic ___________(磁共振)

? positron ___________tomography(正电子发射型计

算机断层成像)

? __________effect (止痛效果)

? biomedical __________(生物医学界) ? __________unit(康复中心)

? __________acupuncturist(持照针灸师) ? therapeutic___________(治疗策略) ? herbal__________(草药配方)

? a wide __________ of complications(各式各样的并

发症)

? __________East-West medicine(中西医结合)

design resonance emission analgesia establishment rehabilitation licensed strategies formulas array

integrative

Text B

Difficult sentences

? ? sent me on a curious 40 years professional

odyssey. (Para. 1)

? ??使我踏上了一条非同寻常、持续40年之

久的学术探索之路。

? Would my University and others like it be

receptive to this line of inquiry or would their senior faculty reflexively view such an effort as advocacy work propelled by bias, naivety and backward thinking? (Para. 3) ? 我学习的哈佛大学和其他一些院校是否乐意

接受这种探究方式，抑或是他们的资深教职员把这种努力反过来看，认为是受偏见、天真和落后想法

驱使所进行的宣传工作。

? The stage is now set for the next generation of young

investigators interested in the “integration of Chinese and Western medicine” and the development of evidence-based, patient-centered participatory and financially sustainable models of care to make their contributions. (Para. 6)

? 对于下一代年轻的研究者来说，如果对“中

西医结合”的研究感兴趣，如果对建立循证型、以病人为中心参与型、经济上可持续发展型的医疗保健模式感兴趣的话，给他们施展才华的舞台现在已经搭就，他们可以登台贡献。

? How do context, belief, conditioning and placebos

alter the brain, central and peripheral nervous systems? (Para. 6).

? 环境、信念、先决条件以及安慰剂是如何影响

大脑、中枢神经系统和周围神经系统，让其发生改变的？

? mechanistic and reductionistic studies each of which

has the potential to offer disruptive scientific innovation, in order to simultaneously move to the realm of cost-effectiveness research. (Para. 7)

? 现在，人们也期望超越这些机制和还原式的研

究（尽管每个研究都有可能产生摧枯拉朽的科学创新），从而进入成本效益研究领地。 Text B

Language Building-up Vocabulary Test

? ___________abdominal pain(急性腹痛) ? to __________medicines(施药，用药) ? surgical_________(外科手术) ? scientific___________(科学评估) ? ___________statistics(患病率统计) ? ___________therapies(传统疗法)

? _______________models of care(循证医疗模式) ? stress___________(压力处理)

? ____________nervous system(周围神经系统) ? physiologic____________(生理机制)

? mechanistic and ___________ studies(机制和还原式

研究)

? _______________research(效益研究) ? clinical__________(临床结果)

? ___________and clinical studies(临床前及临床研究) ? ___________mechanisms(可能的机制) acute

administer