oracle常用SQL语句 下载本文

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一.Oracle基本操作语句 启动数据库:SQL>startup 关闭数据库: SQL>shutdown normal SQL>shutdown transactional SQL>shutdown immediate SQL>shutdown abort 查看当前用户的缺省表空间

SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users; 查看当前用户的角色

SQL>select * from user_role_privs; 查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限 SQL>select * from user_sys_privs; SQL>select * from user_tab_privs; 查看用户下所有的表 SQL>select * from user_tables; 建表

SQL>create

table

studen(stuno

int,stuname

varchar(8)

not

null,stubirth

date

to_date('1987-5-9','YYYY-MM-DD'));

向表结构中加入一列 SQL>alter table studen add(stuphoto varchar(9)); 从表结构中删除一列 SQL>alter table studen drop column stuphoto; 修改表一列的长度 SQL>alter table studen modify(stuno number(4)); 隐藏将要删除的一列 SQL>alter table studen set unused column stuphoto; 删除隐藏的列 SQL>alter table studen drop unused columns;

向表中加入约束 SQL>alter table studen add constraint pk primary key(stuno); 删除约束 SQL>alter table studen drop constraint pk; 修改表结构

alter table test modify(name not null); alter table test add(name varchar2(20)); alter table test drop column sex; alter table test set unused column sex; alter table test drop unused columns; 查看名称包含log字符的表

SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0; 查看某表的创建时间

SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name'); 查看某表的大小 SQL>select

sum(bytes)/(1024*1024)

as

\

from

user_segments

segment_name=upper('&table_name'); 查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表

SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0; 查看索引个数和类别

SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name; 查看索引被索引的字段

SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');

default

where

查看索引的大小 SQL>select

sum(bytes)/(1024*1024)

as

\

from

user_segments

where

segment_name=upper('&index_name'); 查看序列号,last_number是当前值 SQL>select * from user_sequences; 查看视图的名称

SQL>select view_name from user_views; 查看创建视图的select语句

SQL>set view_name,text_length from user_views;

SQL>set long 2000; 说明:可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小 SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name'); 查看某表的约束条件

SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');

SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc

where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name') and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name order by cc.position; 查看函数和过程的状态

SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION'; SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE'; 查看函数和过程的源代码

SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name'); 三、查看数据库的SQL 1、查看表空间的名称及大小

select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name;

2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; 3、查看回滚段名称及大小

select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,

(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtent From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) order by segment_name ;

4、查看控制文件

select name from v$controlfile; 5、查看日志文件

select member from v$logfile; 6、查看表空间的使用情况

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;

SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE, (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES \FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C WHERE

A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME

A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

7、查看数据库库对象

select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status; 8、查看数据库的版本

Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle'; 9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 四、ORACLE用户连接的管理

用系统管理员,查看当前数据库有几个用户连接: SQL> select username,sid,serial# from v$session; 如果要停某个连接用

SQL> alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';

常用SQL*Plus语句

a、表的创建、修改、删除 创建表的命令格式如下:

create table 表名 (列说明列表);

为基表增加新列命令如下:

ALTER TABLE 表名 ADD (列说明列表) 例:为test表增加一列Age,用来存放年龄 sql>alter table test add (Age number(3));

修改基表列定义命令如下: ALTER TABLE 表名 MODIFY (列名 数据类型)

例:将test表中的Count列宽度加长为10个字符 sql>alter atble test modify (County char(10));

b、将一张表删除语句的格式如下: DORP TABLE 表名;

AND